Titanium alloys for biomedical applications
TL;DR: An overview of titanium alloy use for medical devices, their current status, future opportunities and obstacles for expanded application is provided in this article, which is divided into three main sections, the first discussing recent efforts focused on commercial purity titanium.
About: This article is published in Materials Science and Engineering: C.The article was published on 2006-09-01. It has received 913 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Titanium alloy & Titanium.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of alloy chemistry, thermomechanical processing and surface condition on these properties is discussed and various surface modification techniques to achieve superior biocompatibility, higher wear and corrosion resistance.
4,113 citations
TL;DR: Efforts have been made to reveal the latest scenario of bulk and porous Ti-based materials for biomedical applications, emphasizing their current status, future opportunities and obstacles for expanded applications.
Abstract: Ti-based alloys are finding ever-increasing applications in biomaterials due to their excellent mechanical, physical and biological performance. Nowdays, low modulus β-type Ti-based alloys are still being developed. Meanwhile, porous Ti-based alloys are being developed as an alternative orthopedic implant material, as they can provide good biological fixation through bone tissue ingrowth into the porous network. This paper focuses on recent developments of biomedical Ti-based alloys. It can be divided into four main sections. The first section focuses on the fundamental requirements titanium biomaterial should fulfill and its market and application prospects. This section is followed by discussing basic phases, alloying elements and mechanical properties of low modulus β-type Ti-based alloys. Thermal treatment, grain size, texture and properties in Ti-based alloys and their limitations are dicussed in the third section. Finally, the fourth section reviews the influence of microstructural configurations on mechanical properties of porous Ti-based alloys and all known methods for fabricating porous Ti-based alloys. This section also reviews prospects and challenges of porous Ti-based alloys, emphasizing their current status, future opportunities and obstacles for expanded applications. Overall, efforts have been made to reveal the latest scenario of bulk and porous Ti-based materials for biomedical applications.
696 citations
TL;DR: It is likely that the next generation of structural materials for replacing hard human tissue would be of those Ti-alloys that do not contain any of the cytotoxic elements, elements suspected of causing neurological disorders or elements that have allergic effect.
Abstract: The design of new low-cost Ti-alloys with high biocompatibility for implant applications, using ubiquitous alloying elements in order to establish the strategic method for suppressing utilization of rare metals, is a challenge To meet the demands of longer human life and implantation in younger patients, the development of novel metallic alloys for biomedical applications is aiming at providing structural materials with excellent chemical, mechanical and biological biocompatibility It is, therefore, likely that the next generation of structural materials for replacing hard human tissue would be of those Ti-alloys that do not contain any of the cytotoxic elements, elements suspected of causing neurological disorders or elements that have allergic effect Among the other mechanical properties, the low Young's modulus alloys have been given a special attention recently, in order to avoid the occurrence of stress shielding after implantation Therefore, many Ti-alloys were developed consisting of biocompatible elements such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Ta, and showed excellent mechanical properties including low Young's modulus However, a recent attention was directed towards the development of low cost-alloys that have a minimum amount of the high melting point and high cost rare-earth elements such as Ta, Nb, Mo, and W This comes with substituting these metals with the common low cost, low melting point and biocompatible metals such as Fe, Mn, Sn, and Si, while keeping excellent mechanical properties without deterioration Therefore, the investigation of mechanical and biological biocompatibility of those low-cost Ti-alloys is highly recommended now lead towards commercial alloys with excellent biocompatibility for long-term implantation
648 citations
TL;DR: This review provides a general overview of the available information about the contact angle values of experimental and of marketed implant surfaces, some of the techniques used to modify surface wettability of implants, and results from in vitro and clinical studies.
577 citations
Cites background from "Titanium alloys for biomedical appl..."
...For dental implant applications, titanium (Ti) and its alloys, including commercially pure (cp) Ti, titanium –aluminum-vanadium (Ti6Al4V) and, more recently, titanium-zirconium (TiZr), are used due to their favorable weight-to-strength ratio, good biological performance, and adequate corrosion resistance under normal conditions [12, 13]....
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TL;DR: A review of the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for biomedical applications is presented in this paper, where special attention has been paid on Fused deposition modeling (FDM) based AM technique as it is economical, environmentally friendly and adaptable to flexible filament material.
575 citations
References
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TL;DR: This review examines current information on the physical and mechanical characteristics of titanium alloys used in artifical joint replacement prostheses, with a special focus on those issues associated with the long-term prosthetic requirements, e.g., fatigue and wear.
3,039 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the main metallic biomaterials are stainless steels, Co-based alloys, and titanium and its alloys and they are used for replacing failed hard tissue.
Abstract: Metallic biomaterials are mainly used for replacing failed hard tissue. The main metallic biomaterials are stainless steels, Co-based alloys, and titanium and its alloys. Recently, titanium alloys are getting much attention for biomaterials. The various kinds of new high strength α+β and low-modulus β-type titanium alloys composed of nontoxic elements, such as Nb, Ta, Zr, etc., are developed for biomedical applications because of the toxicity of alloying elements and lack of mechanical biocompatibility of conventional titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V. Recent research and development in other metallic alloys, such as stainless steels and Co-based alloys, also will be discussed.
1,215 citations
15 Aug 1996-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the comparative mechanical property data of five beta titanium alloys (TMZFTM, Ti-13Nb-13Zr, TIMETAL® 21SRx, Tiadyne 1610 and Ti-15Mo) are presented.
Abstract: The Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy is still the main titanium alloy used for medical applications to date. To address the potential safety concerns over vanadium and aluminum, and the possible advantage of using a low modulus material to reduce stress shielding, the development of a low modulus biocompatible implant material was initiated in the United States in 1986. Five beta titanium alloys (TMZFTM, Ti-13Nb-13Zr, TIMETAL® 21SRx, Tiadyne 1610 and Ti-15Mo) are being proposed for surgical implant applications in the United States. Based on published data, the comparative mechanical property data of these beta titanium alloys are presented.
710 citations