Tourism, animals and the scales of justice
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the use of animals in tourism in many ways, including benign uses such as ecotourism (e.g., viewing elephants in natural settings), while others induce significant levels of suffering, pain and discomfort.
Abstract: Animals are used in tourism in many ways. Some uses are more benign such as ecotourism (e.g., viewing elephants in natural settings), while others induce significant levels of suffering, pain and d...
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282 citations
28 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The role of higher education institutions is to nurture students, research and society engagement that are can create positive impact on and are mindful of the SDG objectives as discussed by the authors, which are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
These 17 Goals build on the successes of the Millennium Development Goals, while including new areas such as climate change, economic inequality, innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and justice, among other priorities. The goals are interconnected – often the key to success on one will involve tackling issues more commonly associated with another. The role of Higher Education institutions is to nurture students, research and society engagement that are can create positive impact on and are mindful of the SDG objectives.
78 citations
58 citations
TL;DR: Despite the progression of animal welfare within the tourism literature and the industry itself, a significant change in public behaviour remains to be seen as discussed by the authors, despite the acceptance of animals as objects of curiosity.
Abstract: Despite the progression of animal welfare within the tourism literature and the industry itself, a significant change in public behaviour remains to be seen. Anthropocentric views of animals as obj...
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a multispecies justice lens is used to explore the main narratives of justice and justice domains by considering a larger mixed moral community in the tourism landscape, identifying a social-natural sciences divide and calling for a just sustainability transition in tourism research, policy, and practice.
9 citations
References
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TL;DR: It is argued that certain duties of patients counterbalance an otherwise unfair captivity of doctors as helpers and that vulnerability does not exclude obligation.
Abstract: There has been a shift from the general presumption that “doctor knows best” to a heightened respect for patient autonomy. Medical ethics remains one-sided, however. It tends (incorrectly) to interpret patient autonomy as mere participation in decisions, rather than a willingness to take the consequences. In this respect, medical ethics remains largely paternalistic, requiring doctors to protect patients from the consequences of their decisions. This is reflected in a one-sided account of duties in medical ethics. Medical ethics may exempt patients from obligations because they are the weaker or more vulnerable party in the doctor-patient relationship. We argue that vulnerability does not exclude obligation. We also look at others ways in which patients’ responsibilities flow from general ethics: for instance, from responsibilities to others and to the self, from duties of citizens, and from the responsibilities of those who solicit advice. Finally, we argue that certain duties of patients counterbalance an otherwise unfair captivity of doctors as helpers.
17,373 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: Young as mentioned in this paper argues that normative theory and public policy should undermine group-based oppression by affirming rather than suppressing social group difference, and argues for a principle of group representation in democratic publics and for group-differentiated policies.
Abstract: This book challenges the prevailing philosophical reduction of social justice to distributive justice. It critically analyzes basic concepts underlying most theories of justice, including impartiality, formal equality, and the unitary moral subjectivity. Starting from claims of excluded groups about decision making, cultural expression, and division of labor, Iris Young defines concepts of domination and oppression to cover issues eluding the distributive model. Democratic theorists, according to Young do not adequately address the problem of an inclusive participatory framework. By assuming a homogeneous public, they fail to consider institutional arrangements for including people not culturally identified with white European male norms of reason and respectability. Young urges that normative theory and public policy should undermine group-based oppression by affirming rather than suppressing social group difference. Basing her vision of the good society on the differentiated, culturally plural network of contemporary urban life, she argues for a principle of group representation in democratic publics and for group-differentiated policies. "This is an innovative work, an important contribution to feminist theory and political thought, and one of the most impressive statements of the relationship between postmodernist critiques of universalism and concrete thinking.... Iris Young makes the most convincing case I know of for the emancipatory implications of postmodernism." --Seyla Benhabib, State University of New York at Stony Brook
7,816 citations
"Tourism, animals and the scales of ..." refers background in this paper
...Young, I. M. (2012)....
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...It is rejected because it opens the door to significant human exploitation. Those who embrace animal welfare contend that possession of an animal does not always work in opposition to its interests, as animals may have no objection to being possessed and cared for (Cochrane, 2009). Cochrane argues that forcing a domesticated animal into labour is nothing like doing the same for an autonomous human. The concern related to the possession of animals, Cochrane (2009) adds, ought to be more about better “regulation of the system of ownership rather than its abolition” (p....
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Book•
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In Anarchy, State, and Utopia as discussed by the authors, Nozick argues that the state is justified only when it is severely limited to the narrow function of protection against force, theft and fraud and to the enforcement of contracts.
Abstract: Robert Nozicka s Anarchy, State, and Utopia is a powerful, philosophical challenge to the most widely held political and social positions of our age ---- liberal, socialist and conservative. "Individuals have rights," Nozick writes in his opening sentence, "and there are things no person or group may do to them without violating their rights." The work that follows is a sophisticated and passionate defence of the rights of the individual as opposed to the state. The author argues that the state is justified only when it is severely limited to the narrow function of protection against force, theft and fraud and to the enforcement of contracts. Any more extensive activities by the state, he demonstrates, will inevitably violate individual rights. Among the many achievements of the work are an important new theory of distributive justice, a model of utopia, and an integration of ethics, legal philosophy and economic theory into a profound position in political philosophy which will be discussed for years to come.
7,183 citations
"Tourism, animals and the scales of ..." refers background in this paper
...Singer’s position is more akin to animal welfare in the eyes of rights-based scholars such as Francione and Charlton (2016), because animals can be used for the benefit of others, but “only if those benefits are greater than the loss inflicted” (Nozick, 1974, p. 37)....
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...Some of these include classical liberalism based on justice and limited state intervention (Friedman, 1962); libertarianism based on entitlement (Nozick, 1974); utilitarianism in the protection of liberty (Mill, 2010); liberal egalitarianism from the perspective of justice as fairness (Rawls, 1971); individual choice and responsibility in the distribution of justice (Dworkin, 1977); communitarianism based on why people view justice and resource allocation from their own particular social context (MacIntyre, 2013); feminist approaches (Nussbaum, 1996; Young, 1985); and the narrative around human rights as a guiding force around justice (see Ignatieff, 2003)....
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...Some of these include classical liberalism based on justice and limited state intervention (Friedman, 1962); libertarianism based on entitlement (Nozick, 1974); utilitarianism in the protection of liberty (Mill, 2010); liberal egalitarianism from the perspective of justice as fairness (Rawls,…...
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Book•
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: In the classic bestseller, Capitalism and Freedom, Friedman presents his view of the proper role of competitive capitalism as both a device for achieving economic freedom and a necessary condition for political freedom as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the classic bestseller, Capitalism and Freedom, Milton Friedman presents his view of the proper role of competitive capitalism--the organization of economic activity through private enterprise operating in a free market--as both a device for achieving economic freedom and a necessary condition for political freedom. Beginning with a discussion of principles of a liberal society, Friedman applies them to such constantly pressing problems as monetary policy, discrimination, education, income distribution, welfare, and poverty. "Milton Friedman is one of the nation's outstanding economists, distinguished for remarkable analytical powers and technical virtuosity. He is unfailingly enlightening, independent, courageous, penetrating, and above all, stimulating."-Henry Hazlitt, Newsweek "It is a rare professor who greatly alters the thinking of his professional colleagues. It's an even rarer one who helps transform the world. Friedman has done both."-Stephen Chapman, Chicago Tribune
7,026 citations