Toward a social psychology of globalization
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the questions of how people make sense of and respond to globalization and its sociocultural ramifications; how people defend the integrity of their heritage cultural identities against the "culturally erosive" effects of globalization, and how individuals harness creative insights from their interactions with global cultures.
Abstract: In most parts of the world, globalization has become an unstoppable and potent force that impacts everyday life and international relations. The articles in this issue draw on theoretical insights from diverse perspectives (clinical psychology, consumer research, organizational behavior, political psychology, and cultural psychology) to offer nuanced understanding of individuals’ psychological reactions to globalization in different parts of the world (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Mainland China, Singapore, Switzerland, United States, Taiwan). These articles address the questions of how people make sense of and respond to globalization and its sociocultural ramifications; how people defend the integrity of their heritage cultural identities against the “culturally erosive” effects of globalization, and how individuals harness creative insights from their interactions with global cultures. The new theoretical insights and revealing empirical analyses presented in this issue set the stage for an emergent interdisciplinary inquiry into the psychology of globalization.
Citations
More filters
09 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the relationship between cultural identity negotiation strategies and expatriates' exclusionary and integrative responses towards new cultures, providing specific propositions on how each type of identity negotiation strategy is expected to be associated with expatriate's exclusionary responses towards the host culture.
Abstract: Purpose
In response to the somewhat paradoxical combination of increasing diversity in the global workforce and the resurgence of nationalism in an era of global mobility, this article aims to uncover how employees on international assignments respond to exposure to new cultures. Specifically, the study aims to explicate the underlying psychological mechanisms linking expatriates’ monocultural, multicultural, global and cosmopolitan identity negotiation strategies with their responses towards the host culture by drawing upon exclusionary and integrative reactions theory in cross-cultural psychology.
Design/Methodology/Approach
This conceptual article draws on the perspective of exclusionary versus integrative reactions towards foreign cultures – a perspective rooted in cross-cultural psychology research – to categorize expatriates’ responses towards the host culture. More specifically, the study elaborates how two primary activators of expatriates’ responses towards the host culture – the salience of home-culture identity and a cultural learning mindset – explain the relationship between cultural identity negotiation strategies and expatriates’ exclusionary and integrative responses, providing specific propositions on how each type of cultural identity negotiation strategy is expected to be associated with expatriates’ exclusionary and integrative responses towards the host culture.
Findings
The present study proposes that 1) expatriates’ adoption of a monocultural identity negotiation strategy is positively associated with exclusionary responses towards the host culture and is negatively associated with integrative responses towards the host culture; 2) expatriates’ adoption of a multicultural identity negotiation strategy is positively associated with both exclusionary responses and integrative responses towards the host culture; 3) expatriates’ adoption of a global identity negotiation strategy is negatively associated with exclusionary responses towards the host culture; 4) expatriates’ adoption of a cosmopolitan identity negotiation strategy is negatively associated with exclusionary responses, and positively associated with integrative responses towards the host culture. The following metaphors for these different types of cultural identity negotiation strategies are introduced: “ostrich” (monocultural strategy), “frog” (multicultural strategy), “bird” (global strategy) and “lizard” (cosmopolitan strategy).
Originality/value
The proposed dynamic framework of cultural identity negotiation strategies illustrates the sophisticated nature of expatriates’ responses to new cultures. This article also emphasizes that cross-cultural training tempering expatriates’ exclusionary reactions and encouraging integrative reactions is crucial for more effective expatriation in a multicultural work environment.
3 citations
Cites background from "Toward a social psychology of globa..."
...An example of an exclusionary reaction is the public protest in Beijing against the opening of a Starbucks Coffee Shop (perceived by Chinese people as an iconic American coffee shop) in the Forbidden City, an iconic historical site representing Chinese culture (Chiu et al., 2011)....
[...]
...When the home cultural identity is salient, the home culture becomes the most accessible lens through which expatriates process and categorize information (Chiu et al., 2011)....
[...]
...…versus integrative reactions Introducing the perspective of exclusionary versus integrative reactions People may develop exclusionary or integrative reactions towards foreign cultures after being exposed to the mixing of components from their own culture and foreign cultures (Chiu et al., 2011)....
[...]
...…cultural identity in one’s self perception, and a cultural learning mindset, i.e., a set of favorable attitudes that an individual holds towards intercultural learning (Chiu et al., 2011), serve as the main activators of expatriates’ exclusionary and integrative responses towards the host culture....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the sociological theory of structural functionalism was deployed to explain attitudinal appraisal and revealed that religious tenets largely shape attitudinal appraisals and redefine the borders of globalisation metanarratives.
Abstract: A key consequence of globalisation is the integrative approach to reality whereby emphasis is placed on interdependence. Religion being an expression of human culture is equally affected by this cultural revolution. The main objective of this paper is to examine how religious affiliation, among Christians, influences attitudestowards the application of psychological sciences to the assuagement of human suffering. The sociological theory of structural functionalism was deployed to explain attitudinal appraisal. Ethnographic methodology, through quantitativeanalysis of administered questionnaire, was also used. The study reveals that religious tenets largely shape attitudinal appraisal and redefine the borders of globalisation’s metanarratives.
3 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined broader effects of cultural mixing on general social behavior and found that cultural mixing can affect general social behaviour, including how people respond to cultural mixing and their responses toward those cultures.
Abstract: Past research examined how encounters with cultural mixing affect people’s responses toward those cultures. We examined broader effects of cultural mixing—on general social behavior. We tested that...
3 citations
Cites background from "Toward a social psychology of globa..."
...Inclusive or integrative responses to cultural mixing tend to be effortful and deliberative and fostered by a cultural learning mind-set (Chiu et al., 2011)....
[...]
...Our research expands the prevailing theoretical framework on psychological responses to cultural mixing (Chiu et al., 2011) by exploring outcomes in culture-neutral thoughts, feelings, and behavior....
[...]
...Cultural mixing encounters and threat It has been theorized that exclusionary responses to cultural mixing are fueled by perceptions of cultural threat (Chiu et al., 2011)....
[...]
18 May 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the normative social metasystem controls, verifies and selects the material produced by the operative system in contexts of social comparison, highlighting how social comparison contexts trigger arguments in favour of group interests and reveal the existing power relations between groups.
Abstract: Globalisation generates intense debate and contradictory positions, being a particularly relevant object of social representations (SR). This article attempts to better understand the SR of globalisation by analysing how the normative social metasystem controls, verifies and selects the material produced by the operative system in contexts of social comparison. Using a multi-method approach, we conducted two studies, with semi-structured interviews (N=30) and a free association questionnaire (N=100), in the Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal. Results highlight how social comparison contexts trigger arguments in favour of group interests and reveal the existing power relations between groups. The importance of identifying the relations that guide thinking about social objects and the applicability of SR theory for understanding complex, controversial, sociopolitical objects are discussed.
3 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined how perceived cultural norms relate to intergenerational cultural transmission and cultural change and found that parents may not necessarily transmit their own, subjective beliefs about cultural norms, and that successful inter-generational transmission can also lead to cultural change.
Abstract: Tam (2015) argues that perceived norms—what is normatively important—predict how parents transmit cultural values and beliefs to their children. Central to this argument is the idea that parents may not necessarily transmit their own, subjective beliefs about cultural norms, and that successful intergenerational transmission can also lead to cultural change. Multicultural individuals, or individuals who identify with more than one cultural group, provide an especially interesting sample for examining how perceived cultural norms relate to intergenerational cultural transmission and cultural change. Because multicultural individuals—such as immigrants, expatriates, or sojourners—are familiar with the cultural norms of their home country and their host country, they not only have to consider whether to transmit their own subjective perceptions of cultural norms to their children but also have to make choices about which cultural norms to transmit to their children. For example, some immigrant parents may choose to transmit perceived cultural norms of the host country so that their children can succeed in their new country of residence. Other immigrants may focus on transmitting the perceived cultural norms of the home country to ensure that their children do not forget their roots (Phinney, 1990). Still other immigrant parents may choose to transmit perceived cultural norms of both countries. When multicultural individuals belong to cultural groups that are perceived to have divergent or even conflicting norms, choices about cultural transmission can be especially difficult. For example, Asian American multiculturals may perceive individualism and autonomy as normative in Western cultures, but collectivism and cooperation as normative in Eastern cultures. As parents, transmitting one set of cultural norms can be seen as rejecting the other set of cultural norms. In
3 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Based on the author's seminal article in "Foreign Affairs", Samuel P. Huntington's "The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order" is a provocative and prescient analysis of the state of world politics after the fall of communism.
Abstract: Based on the author's seminal article in "Foreign Affairs", Samuel P. Huntington's "The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order" is a provocative and prescient analysis of the state of world politics after the fall of communism. In this incisive work, the renowned political scientist explains how "civilizations" have replaced nations and ideologies as the driving force in global politics today and offers a brilliant analysis of the current climate and future possibilities of our world's volatile political culture.
6,359 citations
"Toward a social psychology of globa..." refers background in this paper
...These reactions, according to some, could lead to clashes of civilizations (Huntington, 1996)....
[...]
Book•
27 Jul 1992
TL;DR: Globalization as a Problem The Cultural Turn Mapping the Global Condition World-Systems Theory, Culture and Images of World Power Japanese Globality and Japanese Religion The Universalism-Particularism Issue "Civilization," Civility and the Civilizing Process Globalization Theory and Civilization Analysis Globality, Modernity and the Issue of Postmodernity Globalization and the Nostalgic Paradigm 'The Search for Fundamentals' in Global Perspective Concluding Reflections
Abstract: Globalization as a Problem The Cultural Turn Mapping the Global Condition World-Systems Theory, Culture and Images of World Power Japanese Globality and Japanese Religion The Universalism-Particularism Issue 'Civilization,' Civility and the Civilizing Process Globalization Theory and Civilization Analysis Globality, Modernity and the Issue of Postmodernity Globalization and the Nostalgic Paradigm 'The Search for Fundamentals' in Global Perspective Concluding Reflections
3,676 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, Appiah revives the ancient philosophy of cosmopolitanism, which dates back to the Cynics of the 4th century, as a means of understanding the complex world of today.
Abstract: This brilliant, cross-disciplinary work challenges the separatist doctrines which have come to dominate our understanding of the world. Appiah revives the ancient philosophy of Cosmopolitanism, which dates back to the Cynics of the 4th century, as a means of understanding the complex world of today. Arguing that we concentrate too much on what makes us different rather than recognizing our common humanity, Appiah explores how we can act ethically in a globalized world.
1,861 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the traditional state: Bureaucracy, Class, Ideology, Administrative Power, Internal Pacification, Citizenship, and Class, Sovereignty and Citizenship are discussed.
Abstract: Introduction. 1. State, Society and Modern History. 2. The Traditional State: Domination and Military Power. 3. The Traditional State: Bureaucracy, Class, Ideology. 4. The Absolutist State and the Nation--State. 5. Capitalism, Industrialism and Social Transformation. 6. Capitalism and the State: From Absolutism to the Nation--State. 7. Administrative Power, Internal Pacification. 8. Class, Sovereignty and Citizenship. 9. Capitalist Development and the Industrialization of War. 10. Nation--States in the Global State System. 11. Modernity, Totalitarianism and Critical Theory. Notes. Bibliography. Index.
1,351 citations