Toward a social psychology of globalization
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the questions of how people make sense of and respond to globalization and its sociocultural ramifications; how people defend the integrity of their heritage cultural identities against the "culturally erosive" effects of globalization, and how individuals harness creative insights from their interactions with global cultures.
Abstract: In most parts of the world, globalization has become an unstoppable and potent force that impacts everyday life and international relations. The articles in this issue draw on theoretical insights from diverse perspectives (clinical psychology, consumer research, organizational behavior, political psychology, and cultural psychology) to offer nuanced understanding of individuals’ psychological reactions to globalization in different parts of the world (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Mainland China, Singapore, Switzerland, United States, Taiwan). These articles address the questions of how people make sense of and respond to globalization and its sociocultural ramifications; how people defend the integrity of their heritage cultural identities against the “culturally erosive” effects of globalization, and how individuals harness creative insights from their interactions with global cultures. The new theoretical insights and revealing empirical analyses presented in this issue set the stage for an emergent interdisciplinary inquiry into the psychology of globalization.
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490 citations
Posted Content•
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: It is argued that the meaning embedded in consumption symbols, such as commercial brands, can serve to represent and institutionalize the values and beliefs of a culture.
Abstract: This research argues that the meaning embedded in consumption symbols, such as commercial brands, can serve to represent and institutionalize the values and beliefs of a culture. We conducted four studies to examine how the symbolic and expressive attributes associated with commercial brands are structured, and determine the degree to which this structure varies across three cultures. Relying on a combined emic-etic approach, we identified indigenous constructs of `brand personality' (Aaker, 1997) in two non-Anglo cultures (Japan and Spain), and compared these dimensions to those previously found in the United States. The results of Studies 1 and 2 revealed a set of brand personality dimensions common to both Japan and the United States (Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, and Sophistication), as well as culture-specific Japanese (Peacefulness) and American (Ruggedness) dimensions. Studies 3 and 4 extended this set of findings to Spain. Results from these studies also identified brand personality dimensions common to both Spain and the United States (Sincerity, Excitement, and Sophistication), plus non-shared Spanish (Passion) and American (Competence and Ruggedness) dimensions. The meaning of the culturally-common and -specific brand personality dimensions is discussed in the context of cross-cultural research on values and affect, globalization issues, and cultural frame shifting.
440 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed that cultural intelligence is a critical leadership competency for those with cross-border responsibilities and tested this hypothesis with multisource data, including multiple intelligences, in a sample of 126 Swiss military officers.
Abstract: Emphasizing the importance of cross-border effectiveness in the contemporary globalized world, we propose that cultural intelligence—the leadership capability to manage effectively in culturally diverse settings—is a critical leadership competency for those with cross-border responsibilities. We tested this hypothesis with multisource data, including multiple intelligences, in a sample of 126 Swiss military officers with both domestic and cross-border leadership responsibilities. Results supported our predictions: (1) general intelligence predicted both domestic and cross-border leadership effectiveness; (2) emotional intelligence was a stronger predictor of domestic leadership effectiveness, and (3) cultural intelligence was a stronger predictor of cross-border leadership effectiveness. Overall, results show the value of cultural intelligence as a critical leadership competency in today's globalized world.
289 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review outlines three broad and intertwined themes as the field continues to develop a fuller understanding of ageism: studying both positive and negative aspects of ageisms, taking a lifespan focus, and integrating the study of the ageism with aging.
Abstract: Almost 50 years ago, ageism (negative attitudes toward older adults) was introduced as a significant social issue. Since then, the worldwide population of adults ages 60 and over has rapidly become the fastest growing age group, making the study of ageism an even more pressing social issue. This review outlines three broad and intertwined themes as the field continues to develop a fuller understanding of ageism: studying both positive and negative aspects of ageism, taking a lifespan focus, and integrating the study of ageism with the study of aging. The review also focuses on several timely subthemes such as the need and benefits of expanding measures of ageism and intervening variables, expanding the diversity of study samples, expanding the research methodologies, and expanding the contexts under study toward greater cross-cultural and within-culture investigations. This review and the international, interdisciplinary research showcased in this special issue are intended to set the stage for the next wave of international research on ageism across the lifecycle and of effective interventions and public policies supporting older adults and positive intergenerational relations.
137 citations
References
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TL;DR: The authors found that urban Chinese consistently attributed Chinese moral values (more than other types of values) to self-generated Chinese exemplary persons and Western moral values to selfgenerated Western exemplary persons, indicating that frequent exposure to foreign cultures can lead to enhanced perceptions of cultural differences.
Abstract: Chinese adolescents in urban cities (Beijing, Chengdu) and rural towns (Wei Shan Zhuang, Zheng Xing) generated Chinese and Western exemplary persons and rated the values these exemplary persons represent. The results showed that the tendency to differentiate Chinese culture from Western culture was greater among urban (vs rural) Chinese. Specifically, only urban Chinese consistently attributed Chinese moral values (more than other types of values) to self-generated Chinese exemplary persons and Western moral values (more than other types of values) to self-generated Western exemplary persons. Because urban Chinese have more frequent exposure to foreign cultures, our results suggest that frequent exposure to foreign cultures can lead to enhanced perceptions of cultural differences.
23 citations
"Toward a social psychology of globa..." refers background in this paper
...Cheng et al. (2010) also tracked the change of these expectations during the 2008 Beijing Olympics and found that as the Olympics proceeded, the perceived compatibility of competence and warmth/morality increased and the good old days effect diminished....
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17 citations
TL;DR: The authors conducted a three-wave longitudinal study and found that participants' competitiveness towards foreigners from five comparison target nations, particularly towards Japanese, South Koreans and Kenyans, was higher during the Games than before and/or after.
Abstract: To investigate whether and how the Beijing Olympic Games influenced the Chinese competitiveness towards foreigners, we conducted a three-wave longitudinal study and found that participants' competitiveness towards foreigners from five comparison target nations, particularly towards Japanese, South Koreans and Kenyans, was higher during the Games than before and/or after. We further found that nationalism predicted the competitiveness toward Japanese and South Koreans, but did not predict the competitiveness toward Americans, Russians and Kenyans. Additionally, we found that patriotism played little role in the effects of the Games on competitiveness towards foreigners. We herein discuss the relationship between national comparisons, nationalism and national conflict.
15 citations
DOI•
17 Jun 2010
TL;DR: The authors presented a recipe for a culturally-aware psychology of globalization, focusing on individuals' psychological responses to the cultural impacts of globalization, and found that individuals' responses to globalization affect their behavior.
Abstract: Recent theoretical advances in (cross-)cultural psychology have deepened our
understanding of how culture influences behaviors (see Chiu & Hong, 2006,
2007; Lehman, Chiu, & Schaller, 2004). However, not much attention has
been given to individuals’ psychological responses to the cultural impacts of
globalization. To make up this gap, in this chapter we present a recipe for a
cultural psychology of globalization.
10 citations
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of the culture in Latin America will be analyzed from a current perspective, but looking at the future which will imply to approach arduous issues about the past, the future and the innovations before a historically given reality and faced to challenges that had not been stated in its whole future as socio cultural formation.
Abstract: In this work, the problem of the culture in Latin America will be analyzed from a current perspective, but looking at the future which will imply to approach arduous issues about the past, the future and the innovations before a historically given reality and faced to challenges that had not been stated in its whole future as socio cultural formation. Although the topic plainly evokes a harmonious classic past, to an extent ordered and balanced, the question How could this have got to the agitated and raving present world, and how will it get to an unaware and incognito tomorrow? naturally arises. The answer carries a reflection within, which is the object of this presentation. Above all, the cultural activity centered in the man and in Latin America will be emphasized to observe its course through the globalization, the society of the knowledge, for its critical manifestation in the popular culture and its intersection with the new theories about the globalization, favorable scenarios to analyze the present before the future to come which will lead to pose urgent challenges with their consequent final knowledge.
10 citations
"Toward a social psychology of globa..." refers background in this paper
...parochial and exclusionary resistance against foreign cultures (Barber, 1996), as well as collective movements that aim at reaffirming local cultures....
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...In contrast, some scholars believe that increased cultural exposure may incite parochial and exclusionary resistance against foreign cultures (Barber, 1996), as well as collective movements that aim at reaffirming local cultures....
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