Toward smart metering application exploiting IPv6 over wM-bus
14 Nov 2013-pp 1-6
TL;DR: In this article, the mapping of IPv6 protocol over wM-bus has been proposed and evaluated in a dedicated simulation environment, and the results confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach: the transmission of a typical DLMS/COSEM packet takes only few additional resources compared to wMbus solution, although the medium access technique of wM bus decreases the communication performance.
Abstract: In the last years, the increasing focus on energy savings is the key factor in the transformation of the legacy distribution grid toward the so called smart grid. One of the most evident, it is the wide diffusion, in some countries, of smart metering technologies for monitoring of customer electrical consumption. The proven benefits of this technology suggested to the Italian regulative agency the adoption of similar smart solutions for water and gas meters. Currently, the transmission technology which seems to satisfy the strict constraints of power consumption and wide range is the wM-bus operating in different frequency bands, including the recently standardized portion of the spectrum around 169 MHz. This technology provides a low-power and reliable communication channel, but it is not integrated with the IP-based protocols. This may represent a limit since all the ongoing standardization efforts consider the IP suite the unifying framework for the very different network tiers of a Smart Grid. In this paper, the mapping of IPv6 protocol, over wM-bus has been proposed and evaluated in a dedicated simulation environment. The results confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach: the transmission of a typical DLMS/COSEM packet takes only few additional resources compared to wM-bus solution, although the medium access technique of wM-bus decreases the communication performance.
Citations
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TL;DR: Home Area Networks communication technologies for smart home and domestic application integration and a broad and inclusive home communication interface is analysed utilizing as a key piece a Gateway based on machine-to-machine (M2M) communications that interacts with the surrounding environment.
Abstract: The paper discusses Home Area Networks (HAN) communication technologies for smart home and domestic application integration. The work is initiated by identifying the application areas that can benefit from this integration. A broad and inclusive home communication interface is analysed utilizing as a key piece a Gateway based on machine-to-machine (M2M) communications that interacts with the surrounding environment. Then, the main wireless networks are thoroughly assessed, and later, their suitability to the requirements of HAN considering the application area is analysed. Finally, a qualitative analysis is portrayed.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) architecture for the optimal management of DERs owned by prosumers participating in Demand-Side Management (DSM) programs is presented.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a conceptual study on a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) architecture for the optimal management of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) owned by prosumers participating in Demand-Side Management (DSM) programs. Compared to classical VPP architectures, which aim to aggregate several DERs dispersed throughout the electrical grid, in the proposed VPP architecture the supervised physical domain is limited to single users, i.e., to single Points of Delivery (PODs) of the distribution network. The VPP architecture is based on a service-oriented approach, where multiple agents cooperate to implement the optimal management of the prosumer’s assets, by also considering different forms of Demand Response (DR) requests. The considered DR schemes range from Price-Based DRs to Event-Based DRs, covering both the normal operating functions and the emergency control requests applied in modern distribution networks. With respect to centralized approaches, in this study the control perspective is moved from the system level to the single prosumer’s level, who is allowed to independently provide flexible power profiles through the aggregation of multiple DERs. A generalized optimization model, formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, is also introduced. Such a model is able to compute the optimal scheduling of a prosumer’s assets by considering both DR requests and end-users’ requirements in terms of comfort levels while minimizing the costs.
98 citations
Cites background from "Toward smart metering application e..."
...Several research streams have dealt with the upcoming challenges related to the transition towards decarbonized and distributed energy systems, covering different fields: from the application and control of Distributed Electrical Storage Systems (DESSs) for the mitigation of the stochastic behavior of RESs [4–7], and the development of innovative control approaches for the operation of Smart Grids (SGs) and micro-Grids (μGs) [8–11], to the application of transactive Demand-Side Management (DSM) schemes [12–15] and the design of advanced measurement systems [16,17]....
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12 Nov 2015
TL;DR: The Internet of Thing (IoT) approach has been applied in the deployment of an Energy Management System (EMS), designed for monitoring and supervise the distribution grid of the campus of the University of Brescia, and preliminary results are showing the integration of a meteorological station within the system.
Abstract: The wide penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) is causing a progressive decrease of the quality of energy provided by Distribution Service Operator (DSO). The management of the DERs requires improvement in control of distribution grid, which can take the advantage of ICT technologies. In literature, the integration of communication infrastructure, distributed control and distribution grid is called Smart Grid (SG). However, an optimal grid management should take into account the behavior of the customers, which are playing a more and more active role in the distribution grid. An abstraction layer is required to simplify the management of each active customer. The Energy Management System (EMS) of Smart Building provides this abstraction layer, by means of which is possible to schedule energy consumption and generation. In the paper, the Internet of Thing (IoT) approach has been applied in the deployment of an Energy Management System (EMS), designed for monitoring and supervise the distribution grid of the campus of the University of Brescia. This approach is able to provide the required flexibility, since new services can be easily implemented over the deployed framework. Preliminary results are showing the integration of a meteorological station within the system with services suitable both for humans as well as machines interactions opening the opportunity of new, independent applications.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical treatment of the received signal strength indication value is proposed to address the problem of the remote management of the smart meter transmission power, which allows the transmission power to be regulated with the aim of assuring both low transmission error rates and battery capacity saving.
Abstract: Advanced metering infrastructures (AMIs) are thought to deliver services to both citizens and utility companies in smart city context. All services are based on battery powered terminal devices (smart meters), which get to the internet through suitable gateways. Smart meters are usually featured with radio frequency short range antennas and must be within the coverage range of at least one gateway. The economic sustainability of the AMIs depends on the right compromise between the number of necessary gateways and the lifetime of terminal device battery. In this paper a novel method based on statistical treatment of the received signal strength indication value is proposed to address the problem of the remote management of the smart meter transmission power. On the basis of an estimate of signal quality, it allows the transmission power to be regulated with the aim of assuring both low transmission error rates and battery capacity saving.
26 citations
TL;DR: This work has designed a comprehensive ad-hoc WSN-based solution for the Smart Grid (SENSED-SG) that focuses on specific implementations of the MAC, the network and the application layers to attain maximum performance and to successfully deal with any arising hurdles.
Abstract: The Smart Grid (SG) is conceived as the evolution of the current electrical grid representing a big leap in terms of efficiency, reliability and flexibility compared to today's electrical network. To achieve this goal, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are considered by the scientific/engineering community to be one of the most suitable technologies to apply SG technology to due to their low-cost, collaborative and long-standing nature. However, the SG has posed significant challenges to utility operators-mainly very harsh radio propagation conditions and the lack of appropriate systems to empower WSN devices-making most of the commercial widespread solutions inadequate. In this context, and as a main contribution, we have designed a comprehensive ad-hoc WSN-based solution for the Smart Grid (SENSED-SG) that focuses on specific implementations of the MAC, the network and the application layers to attain maximum performance and to successfully deal with any arising hurdles. Our approach has been exhaustively evaluated by computer simulations and mathematical analysis, as well as validation within real test-beds deployed in controlled environments. In particular, these test-beds cover two of the main scenarios found in a SG; on one hand, an indoor electrical substation environment, implemented in a High Voltage AC/DC laboratory, and, on the other hand, an outdoor case, deployed in the Transmission and Distribution segment of a power grid. The results obtained show that SENSED-SG performs better and is more suitable for the Smart Grid than the popular ZigBee WSN approach.
20 citations
References
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01 Jun 2014
TL;DR: The Constrained Application Protocol is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained networks, designed for machine- to-machine (M2M) applications such as smart energy and building automation.
Abstract: The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized web
transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained
(e.g., low-power, lossy) networks. The nodes often have 8-bit
microcontrollers with small amounts of ROM and RAM, while constrained
networks such as IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks
(6LoWPANs) often have high packet error rates and a typical throughput
of 10s of kbit/s. The protocol is designed for machine- to-machine
(M2M) applications such as smart energy and building automation. CoAP
provides a request/response interaction model between application
endpoints, supports built-in discovery of services and resources, and
includes key concepts of the Web such as URIs and Internet media
types. CoAP is designed to easily interface with HTTP for integration
with the Web while meeting specialized requirements such as multicast
support, very low overhead, and simplicity for constrained
environments.
2,412 citations
"Toward smart metering application e..." refers methods in this paper
...In addition, several software protocols, like Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [10] have been developed to allow the communication of small and simple devices over the Internet....
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01 Sep 2007
TL;DR: This document describes the frame format for transmission of IPv6 packets and the method of forming IPv6 link-local addresses and statelessly autoconfigured addresses on IEEE 802.15.4 networks.
Abstract: This document describes the frame format for transmission of IPv6
packets and the method of forming IPv6 link-local addresses and
statelessly autoconfigured addresses on IEEE 802.15.4 networks.
Additional specifications include a simple header compression scheme
using shared context and provisions for packet delivery in IEEE
802.15.4 meshes. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
1,400 citations
"Toward smart metering application e..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The 6LoWPAN [11] layer provides these services for the mapping...
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...4 mapping are described, while for a detailed description of the common parts refer to [11]....
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...6LoWPAN [11] is an adaptation layer required to map the IPv6 protocols suite in Personal Area Network (PAN), in particular over the low power IEEE 802....
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01 Jun 2011
TL;DR: The target audience is those people seeking guidance on how to construct an appropriate Internet Protocol Suite profile for the Smart Grid, in practice, selecting what is needed for Smart Grid deployment from the picture presented here.
Abstract: This note identifies the key protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite
for use in the Smart Grid. The target audience is those people seeking
guidance on how to construct an appropriate Internet Protocol Suite
profile for the Smart Grid. In practice, such a profile would consist
of selecting what is needed for Smart Grid deployment from the picture
presented here.
61 citations
"Toward smart metering application e..." refers methods in this paper
...Despite smart meters constraints regarding dimensions, power consumption and cost, the advent of powerful SoC (System on Chip) integrating 32bit-CPU, large memories and radio are pushing towards the adoption of the IP suite all across the Smart Grid, as clearly highlighted in [9]....
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21 May 2012
TL;DR: This paper addresses the low-power mechanisms provided by the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee and 6LoWPAN protocols, providing comparative assessments through experimental measurements performed on a real testbed, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of both protocols when working in low- power mode.
Abstract: This paper addresses the low-power mechanisms provided by the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee and 6LoWPAN protocols, providing comparative assessments through experimental measurements performed on a real testbed. For a fair performance comparison, a special effort has been made to both tune the parameters of each protocol so as to make it able to properly operate in low-power mode and make the measurement scenarios equivalent in terms of traffic and energy efficiency. After addressing this tuning phase, the paper compares the protocols performance obtained on the same network, under the same workload and while working with the same duty cycle. The comparison focuses on the impact of the low-power mechanisms on the network performance. The experimental assessments highlight the strengths and weaknesses of both protocols when working in low-power mode.
56 citations
"Toward smart metering application e..." refers background in this paper
...4 MAC, which validity is well demonstrated in literature [12]....
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22 Feb 2010
TL;DR: An analysis of the possible evolution of the power grids in the near future and of some of the current research on-going efforts is presented.
Abstract: The paper presents an analysis of the possible evolution of the power grids in the near future.In particular, we expect Distribution Networks to significantly evolve. Currently, Distribution Networks are rather simple systems with very limited active control. The growing presence of Distributed Generation and in particular the introduction of renewable sources is expected to significantly change the scenario. Furthermore, utilities are considering a more active involvement of the customers through the features of Smart Metering. This new infrastructure, briefly called Smart Grid, presents an interleaved connection of power, control and communication.While the platform for the Smart Grid is still under development, it is hard to predict the level of complexity that the system may reach in the future. Many experts, though, foresee the Power System being operated like the Communication Networks, by a group of providers within the same infrastructure.At this point it is safe to say that the power system will represent an interesting confluence of technologies from classical Power Systems to Power Electronics, Digital Control and Communications. How is such system going to be designed? How is it protected? How is overall system stability assessed and assured? These questions are up to now still open.This paper presents an overview of these challenges and of some of the current research on-going efforts.
50 citations
"Toward smart metering application e..." refers background in this paper
...Only by means of a distributed monitoring and control system, it is possible to have under control the complex energy grid, which complexity is increasing day after day because of the introduction of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and energy storage [1]....
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