Towards 5G: Applications, Requirements and Candidate Technologies
23 Dec 2016-
TL;DR: The authors explore usages for future 5G communications, key metrics for these usages with their target requirements, and network architectures and enabling technologies to meet 5G requirements.
Abstract: This book brings together a group of visionaries and technical experts from academia to industry to discuss the applications and technologies that will comprise the next set of cellular advancements (5G). In particular, the authors explore usages for future 5G communications, key metrics for these usages with their target requirements, and network architectures and enabling technologies to meet 5G requirements. The objective is to provide a comprehensive guide on the emerging trends in mobile applications, and the challenges of supporting such applications with 4G technologies.
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TL;DR: In this article, a survey collects and analyzes recent papers leveraging context information to forecast the evolution of network conditions and, in turn, to improve network performance, identifying the main prediction and optimization tools adopted in this body of work and link them with objectives and constraints of the typical applications and scenarios.
Abstract: A growing trend for information technology is to not just react to changes, but anticipate them as much as possible. This paradigm made modern solutions, such as recommendation systems, a ubiquitous presence in today’s digital transactions. Anticipatory networking extends the idea to communication technologies by studying patterns and periodicity in human behavior and network dynamics to optimize network performance. This survey collects and analyzes recent papers leveraging context information to forecast the evolution of network conditions and, in turn, to improve network performance. In particular, we identify the main prediction and optimization tools adopted in this body of work and link them with objectives and constraints of the typical applications and scenarios. Finally, we consider open challenges and research directions to make anticipatory networking part of next generation networks.
195 citations
TL;DR: Without a dedicated decoupling structure, the MIMO antenna shows an excellent diversity performance in terms of isolation between antenna elements, envelope correlation coefficient, and channel capacity loss.
Abstract: This paper presents a metasurface-based single-layer low-profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with the wideband operation and its multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. The antenna consists of a truncated corner patch and a metasurface (MS) of a 2 × 2 periodic square metallic plates. The distinguishing feature of this design is that all the radiating elements (radiator and MS) are printed on the single-layer of the dielectric substrate, which ensures the low-profile and low-cost features of the antenna while maintaining high gain and wideband characteristics. The wideband CP radiations are realized by exploiting surface-waves along the MS and its radiation mechanism is explained in detail. The single-layer antenna geometry has an overall compact size of 1.0λ
0
× 1.0λ
0
× 0.04λ
0
. Simulated and measured results show that the single-layer metasurface antenna has a wide 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 23.4 % (24.5 - 31 GHz) (23.4 %) and overlapping 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 16.8 % (25 - 29.6 GHz). The antenna also offers stable radiation patterns with a high radiation efficiency (>95%) and a flat gain of 11 dBic. Moreover, a 4-port (2 × 2) MIMO antenna is designed using the proposed design by placing each element perpendicular to each other. Without a dedicated decoupling structure, the MIMO antenna shows an excellent diversity performance in terms of isolation between antenna elements, envelope correlation coefficient, and channel capacity loss. Most importantly, the operational bandwidth of the antenna covers the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band (25 - 29.5 GHz) assigned for 5G communication. These features of the proposed antenna system make it a suitable candidate for 5G smart devices and sensors.
109 citations
Cites background from "Towards 5G: Applications, Requireme..."
...Due to the exponentially increasing demands for high data rates, low-latency, and limited bandwidth available in the microwave region, the 5G NR systems will be using millimeter-waves (mm-waves) especially from 24 – 100 GHz [1]....
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TL;DR: This paper presents the design and realization of a metasurface-based low-profile wideband Circularly Polarized (CP) patch antenna with high performance for Fifth-generation (5G) communication systems.
Abstract: This paper presents the design and realization of a metasurface-based low-profile wideband Circularly Polarized (CP) patch antenna with high performance for Fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. The antenna consists of a modified patch, sandwiched between an array of $4\times4$ symmetrical square ring Metasurface (MTS) and a ground plane. Initially, the intrinsic narrow bandwidth of the conventional patch antenna is increased using a diagonal rectangular slot. For further performance enhancement, the additional resonances and CP radiations are achieved for wideband operation in terms of impedance and Axial Ratio (AR) by effective excitation of surface waves propagating along the MTS. The stacking of MTS on the modified patch without any air gap resulted in an overall compact size of $1.1\lambda _{0} \times 1.1\lambda _{0} \times 0.093\lambda _{0}$ . Simulated and measured results show that the MTS-based antenna offers a wide impedance bandwidth ranging from 24 – 34.1 GHz (34.7%) for $\vert \text{S}_{11}\vert with a maximum gain of 11 dBic and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 24.1 – 29.5 GHz (20.1 %). Moreover, the proposed antenna has a smooth gain response with a small variation in its gain (9.5 – 11 dBic) and a stable left-hand CP radiation in the desired frequency range. The operating bandwidth of this antenna is covering the proposed entire global millimeter-wave spectrum (24.2 – 29.5 GHz) for 5G communication systems.
92 citations
Cites background from "Towards 5G: Applications, Requireme..."
...The upcoming 5G communication systems are not only promised to meet the exponentially increasing demands of high data rates, reliability, and low power consumption for the billions of connected devices around us, but also capable to unlock the full capabilities of the emerging technologies such as smart cities, virtual reality, and autonomous cars [2], [3]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the design of an energy efficient beamforming technique for downlink transmission in the context of a multiuser MISO-NOMA system, and formulated the beamforming design as a global energy efficiency maximization problem with minimum user rate requirements and transmit power constraints.
Abstract: When considering the future generation wireless networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) represents a viable multiple access technique for improving the spectral efficiency. The basic performance of the NOMA is often enhanced using downlink beamforming and power allocation techniques. Although downlink beamforming has been previously studied with different performance criteria, such as sum-rate and max–min rate, it has not been studied in the multiuser, multiple-input single-output (MISO) case, particularly with the energy efficiency criteria. In this paper, we investigate the design of an energy efficient beamforming technique for downlink transmission in the context of a multiuser MISO-NOMA system. In particular, this beamforming design is formulated as a global energy efficiency (GEE) maximization problem with minimum user rate requirements and transmit power constraints. By using the sequential convex approximation technique and the Dinkelbach’s algorithm to handle the non-convex nature of the GEE-Max problem, we propose two novel algorithms for solving the downlink beamforming problem for the MISO-NOMA system. Our evaluation of the proposed algorithms shows that they offer similar optimal designs and are effective in offering substantial energy efficiencies compared with the designs based on conventional methods.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a circular polarization (CP) and mode reconfigurable wideband orbital angular momentum (OAM) patch array antenna is presented, which can be reconfigured between the left hand CP with a mode $l = +1$ and right-hand CP (RHCP) with amode $l= -1$, over the wide impedance bandwidth of 21%.
Abstract: A circular polarization (CP) and mode reconfigurable wideband orbital angular momentum (OAM) patch array antenna is presented. The proposed design is based on a reconfigurable feed network (RFN), a direct current (dc) bias circuit, and a $2 \times 2$ patch array. By changing the dc bias voltages of p-i-n didoes, the operating state of the antenna can be reconfigured between the left-hand CP with a mode $l = +1$ and right-hand CP (RHCP) with a mode $l = -1$ , over the wide impedance bandwidth of 21%. For the two states, the measured peak gains are larger than 5.3 and 5.2 dBi, and the axial ratios in half-power main beam directions are lower than 1.29 and 1.05 dB, respectively. Different from existing OAM antennas, the diversities of polarization, frequency, and mode, as well as the CP with inherently high cross-polarization discrimination are simultaneously integrated in the proposed antenna, which serves as a good basis for improving the capacity and spectral efficiency of radio systems. In addition, the antenna features single-external input port, a simple RFN occupying a small number of diodes, and a compact size of $1.28 \times 1.28 \times 0.07 \lambda _{0}^{3}$ ( $\lambda _{0}$ is the free-space wavelength at center frequency), all of which ease implementation and reduce fabrication cost. Therefore, the proposed antenna is very promising for modern high-speed and large capacity wireless communication systems.
61 citations
Cites background from "Towards 5G: Applications, Requireme..."
...augmented reality, Internet of Things, and autonomous transport [1]....
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