Traffic-related air pollution, particulate matter, and autism.
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...Over the past decade, prenatal exposure to air pollution has emerged as a candidate risk factor for ASD, with 11 US studies published to date (13, 94, 96, 145, 148, 175, 176, 182, 184, 185, 193)....
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"Traffic-related air pollution, part..." refers background in this paper
...1) may penetrate cellular membranes.(37,38) These particles translocate indirectly through the lungs and from the systemic circulation or directly via the nasal mucosa and the olfactory bulb into the brain....
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...Emerging evidence suggests that systemic inflammation may also result in damage to endothelial cells in the brain and may compromise the blood-brain barrier.(29) Systemic inflammatory mediators may cross the bloodbrain barrier, activating brain microglia, and peripheral monocytes may migrate into the pool of microglia....
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...Toxicity may be mediated by the physical properties of PM or by the diverse mixture of organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and oxidant metals adsorbed to the surface.(29) Neurodevelopmental effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be mediated by aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in the placenta, decreased exchange of oxygen secondary to disruption of placental growth factor receptors, endocrine disruption, activation of apoptotic pathways, inhibition of the brain antioxidant-scavenging system resulting in oxidative stress, or epigenetic effects....
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