Transdermal drug delivery: penetration enhancement techniques.
Citations
1,891 citations
Cites background from "Transdermal drug delivery: penetrat..."
...There are specialized lipid-based encapsulation systems for topical and transdermal drug delivery based on skin penetration enhancement mechanisms and/or certain molecules referred to as “edge activators” [61,62]....
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625 citations
Cites background or methods from "Transdermal drug delivery: penetrat..."
...…(Santos et al., 2002), the enhancement has been recognized to be mainly related to an increase in skin hydration produced by an occlusive lipid film formed on the surface of the skin, and not by actual skin penetration of the SLNP themselves (Wissing and Müller, 2003; reviewed by Benson, 2005)....
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...Skin penetration enhancement techniques used in TDD were recently reviewed (Benson, 2005)....
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...…abrasion, skin erosion (suction blisters), electrical (ionophoretic) and mechanical (skin stretching) methods, or other energy-related techniques, such as ultrasound or needleless injection, or by the combination of active and/or passive delivery methods (Benson, 2005; Thomas and Finnin, 2004)....
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...Drug substances marketed today in passive TDD systems all fit into these limits, they have molecular weights between 160 and 360 and a molecular size between 0.75 to 1.6 nm (Benson, 2005; Table 3)....
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447 citations
Cites methods from "Transdermal drug delivery: penetrat..."
...electroporation, iontophoresis, or occlusive dressings) and chemical methods (including, the addition of chemical compounds that interact with components of the skin that cause a reversible modification of disrupting the barrier function and resulting in an increase in its permeability) were developed [93,94]....
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367 citations
341 citations
References
483 citations
"Transdermal drug delivery: penetrat..." refers background in this paper
...Of these, occlusive films of plastic or oily vehicle have the most profound effect on hydration and penetration rate [129, 130]....
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276 citations
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