Journal ArticleDOI
Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by potassium loaded on alumina as a solid-base catalyst
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TLDR
In this article, an environmentally benign process for the transesterification of soybean oil to methyl esters using alumina loaded with potassium as a solid base catalyst in a heterogeneous manner was developed.Abstract:
Biodiesel fuel, consisting of methyl esters of long chain fatty acids produced by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with methanol, is a promising alternative diesel fuel regarding the limited resources of fossil fuels and the environmental concerns. In this work, an environmentally benign process for the transesterification of soybean oil to methyl esters using alumina loaded with potassium as a solid base catalyst in a heterogeneous manner was developed. The catalyst loaded KNO 3 of 35 wt.% on Al 2 O 3 , after being calcined at 773 K for 5 h, it was found to be the optimum catalyst, which can give the highest basicity and the best catalytic activity for this reaction. The effects of various reaction variables such as the catalyst loading, oil to methanol ratio, reaction time and temperature on the conversion of soybean oil were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, IR and Hammett titration method. The results indicated that K 2 O derived from KNO 3 at high temperature and that the Al–O–K groups were, probably, the main reasons for the catalytic activity towards the reaction. The catalyst activity was correlated closely with its basicity as determined by the Hammett method.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties.
TL;DR: A triangular graph based on the composition in monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated methyl esters was built in order to predict the critical parameters of European standard for whatever biodiesel, known its composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review
S. P. Singh,Dipti Singh +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst
TL;DR: In this article, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, addition of 8% CaO catalyst, 65°C reaction temperature and 2.03% water content in methanols gave the best results, and the biodiesel yield exceeded 95% at 3
Journal ArticleDOI
Activity of solid catalysts for biodiesel production: A review
TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activity of several solid base and acid catalysts, particularly metal oxides and supported metal oxide, was reviewed for transesterification and esterification reactions simultaneously and converted oils with high amount of Free Fatty Acids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production
TL;DR: The authors reviewed acid and basic heterogeneous catalyst performances for biodiesel production, examining both scientific and patent literature, and concluded that a solid heterogeneous catalysts could reduce its price, becoming competitive with diesel also from a financial perspective.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiesel production : a review
Fangrui Ma,Milford A. Hanna +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil
TL;DR: A two-step transesterification process is developed to convert the high free fatty acids (FFA) oils to its mono-esters in this article, where the important properties of biodiesel such as specific gravity, flash point, cloud point and pour point are found out and compared with that of diesel.