Transformation of national innovation systems towards the global knowledge economy: Key industrial sectors in India
01 Dec 2004-Innovation-the European Journal of Social Science Research (Routledge)-Vol. 6, Iss: 3, pp 392-403
TL;DR: The role and institutional structure of knowledge creation in innovation is not just limited to individual firms or across the indust... as mentioned in this paper, and these structural changes in national innovation systems tend to optimize knowledge generation, dissemination and utilization in various sectors.
Abstract: SummaryIn the post war era, the development of democratic structures and processes has influenced the establishment of institutional frameworks of science and technology systems in many countries. These science and technology systems, also referred to as national innovation systems, have had profound impacts on the industrial competitiveness of individual national economies.Under conditions of increasingly open international markets, national innovation systems in many countries are restructuring to meet new opportunities and challenges of globalisation. These structural changes in national innovation systems tend to optimize knowledge generation, dissemination and utilization in various sectors. Competitive sectors are referred as ‘knowledge-intensive’ industries (in place of‘science and technology-based’ industries) and now form the basis of evolving ‘knowledge societies’.The role and institutional structure of knowledge creation in innovation is not just limited to individual firms or across the indust...
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TL;DR: The knowledge revolution is likely to have a profound impact on the well-being and welfare of human kind.
Abstract: The knowledge revolution is likely to have a profound impact on the well-being and welfare of human kind. The recognition of knowledge as a major factor in growth and development is a recent phenomenon. The management of knowledge within an enterprise is intimately linked to the management of scientific human resources in it. The two most prominent manifestations of the knowledge revolution were in the area of gene technology and information technology.
243 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the strengths and weaknesses of China's national system of innovation (NSI) in coping with the adverse effects of the global recession in China and found that China is the least affected emerging market by the global economic downturn mainly due to the inherent strength of its NSI.
Abstract: Since the early 1990s China's economy has emerged one of the leading economies in the world using judicial mix of policies of economic liberalisation and protection. China's national system of innovation (NSI) has been evolving and has been adapting to the challenges posed the globalisation. China has benefitted significantly from the global economic boom driven by the globalisation and its economy has registered consistently GDP growth of over 10% for over 15 years before the onset of global recession in 2008. The recession has slowed down the economy in every country in the world including China, which was triggered by the global credit crunch and slow down of trade. Major economies across the world have introduced a series of measures in response to recession and to stem the tide of its negative impacts. These measures included: bank bailouts, rescue packages, fiscal stimuli, and, most crucially, monetary easing. Even with all these measures, we would argue that, some countries are likely to be affected more severely than others due to the differences in individual characteristics of their NSIs. That is, the recession is likely to have varying impacts in varying degrees on different economies in the world due to the differences among their NSIs.
In the case of China, to reduce the negative impacts of the global recession, it announced a fiscal stimulus package of $586b (14% of GDP) in November 2008 aimed to stimulate the domestic demand and also to boost the income of the poor. In this context, we wish to investigate the following research question: 1. How did the strengths and weakness of NSI help or hinder in coping with the adverse effects of the recession in China?
It appears that China is the least affected emerging market by the global recession mainly due to the inherent strength of its NSI. Also, it appears that China has decided to use the global recession as an opportunity rather than an obstacle and as 'blessing in disguise' to introduce changes and reengineer its economy and NSI.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the mutual effects between the owner-manager commitment to innovation and the export behavior of companies and found that the commitment of an owner to innovation is an important booster for exports, as well as for increasing sales abroad.
Abstract: Latin America and the Caribbean is recognized as a region of entrepreneurs, as evidenced by the high amount of ventures per capita; however, just a few number of companies export and most of them show a weak growth and little innovation. Using information from the GEM database – Colombia 2010 and 2011, this study investigates the mutual effects between the owner-manager’s commitment to innovation and the export behavior of companies. Logistic and Ordinal regression models are used to test the proposed hypotheses in this study. The main findings of this study suggest that the owner-manager’s commitment to innovation is an important booster for exports, as well as for increasing sales abroad. Furthermore, the results suggest that the export propensity, in turn, increases the likelihood of involvement of owner-managers to innovate in Colombia.
6 citations
01 Dec 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of the global economic crisis on the national system of innovation (NSI) in China and found that China is the least affected emerging market by the global recession mainly due to the inherent strength of its NSI.
Abstract: Since the early 1990s China’s economy has emerged one of the leading economies in the world due to factors such as judicial mix of policies of economic liberalisation and protection, and the process of globalisation driven
by the information and communication technologies (ICT) revolution, which brought closer the national economies across the globe as never before. China’s national system of innovation (NSI) has been evolving and has been adapting to the challenges posed particularly by the phenomenon of globalisation. China has benefitted significantly from the global economic boom driven by the globalisation and its economy has registered consistently GDP growth of over
10% since 2002 until the onset of global recession in 2008. The recession has slowed down the economy in every country in the world including China, triggered by the global credit crunch and slow down of trade. Major economies
across the world have introduced a series of measures in response to recession and to stem the tide of its negative impacts. These measures included: bank bailouts, rescue packages, fiscal stimuli, and, most crucially, monetary easing. Even with all these measures, we would argue that, some countries are likely to be affected more severely than others due to the differences in individual characteristics of their NSIs. That is, the recession is likely to have varying impacts in varying degrees on different economies in the world due to the differences among their NSIs.
In the case of China, to reduce the negative impacts of the global recession, it announced a fiscal stimulus package of $586b (14 per cent of GDP) in November 2008. This measure aimed to stimulate during 2009-10 the domestic demand by reducing taxes, investing in public infrastructure, and promoting activities in the areas such as health care and education, agriculture, low-income housing, water, electricity, transportation, environment, and technological
innovation. It is also designed to boost the income of the poor. In this context, we wish to investigate the following research questions: 1. How did the strengths and weakness of NSI help or hinder in coping with the adverse effects
of the recession in China? and conversely 2. What are the impacts of recession on the NSI in China? By employing secondary and descriptive data we attempt to investigate these questions.
It appears that China is the least affected emerging market by the global recession mainly due to the inherent strength of its NSI. Also, it appears that China has decided to use the global recession as an opportunity rather than an obstacle and as ‘blessing in disguise’ to introduce changes and re-engineer its economy and NSI.
4 citations
References
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach to national systems of innovation is proposed, where the public sector is viewed as a pacer in the development of industrial networks, and the role of finance in national system of innovation.
Abstract: Part 1 Towards a new approach to national systems of innovation: institutional learning, Bjorn Johnson user-producer relationships and national systems of innovation, Bengt-Ake Lundvall approaching national systems of innovation from the production and linkage structure, Esben Sloth Andersen. Part 2 A closer look at national systems of innovation: work organization and the innovation design dilemma, Allan Naes Gjerding innovation and the development of industrial networks, Lars Gelsing the public sector as a pacer in national systems of innovation, Birgitte Gregersen the role of finance in national systems of innovation, Jesper Lindgaard Christensen national systems of education and vocational training, Jarl Bengtsson formal scientific and technical institutions in the national system of innovation, Christopher Freeman. Part 3 Opening national systems of innovation - specialization, multinational corporations and integration: export specialization, structural competitiveness and national systems of innovation, Bent Dalum the home market hypothesis re-examined - the impact of domestic user-producer interaction on export specialization, Jan Fragerberg national systems of innovation, multinational enterprises and the contemporary process of globalization, Francois Chesnais integration, innovation and policy with special respect to EC and IT, Esben Sloth-Andersen and Asger Braendgaard perspectives and policy conclusions, Bengt-Ake Lundvall et al.
6,007 citations
01 Jan 1992
1,493 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Thailand as a case study to understand the national innovation system (NIS) in developing countries which are less successful in technological catching-up and found that the development level of Thailand's NIS does not link to its economic structural development level.
323 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1991
253 citations
"Transformation of national innovati..." refers background in this paper
..., Korea, Taiwan and Singapore where a new factor termed as ‘intensive technological learning’ was stated to have been in place that helped them in successfully catching up with developed countries duly offsetting any shortcomings in the instruments of NIS (Kim, 1993; Hou and Gee, 1993; Wong, 1996 and Wong, 1999)....
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...…and Singapore where a new factor termed as ‘intensive technological learning’ was stated to have been in place that helped them in successfully catching up with developed countries duly offsetting any shortcomings in the instruments of NIS (Kim, 1993; Hou and Gee, 1993; Wong, 1996 and Wong, 1999)....
[...]
TL;DR: The knowledge revolution is likely to have a profound impact on the well-being and welfare of human kind.
Abstract: The knowledge revolution is likely to have a profound impact on the well-being and welfare of human kind. The recognition of knowledge as a major factor in growth and development is a recent phenomenon. The management of knowledge within an enterprise is intimately linked to the management of scientific human resources in it. The two most prominent manifestations of the knowledge revolution were in the area of gene technology and information technology.
243 citations
"Transformation of national innovati..." refers background in this paper
...…potential of knowledge industry through aggressive and visionary policy framework, creative planning, daring and risk taking has been advocated by Mashelkar (1999), whose mes- 394 INNOVATION: management, policy & practice Volume 6, Issue 3, December 2004 sage seems to be reaching far and wide…...
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...Building knowledge networks and harnessing the full potential of knowledge industry through aggressive and visionary policy framework, creative planning, daring and risk taking has been advocated by Mashelkar (1999), whose mes-...
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