Transformation of symmetrization order to nuclear-spin magnetization by chemical reaction and nuclear magnetic resonance.
TL;DR: A method of obtaining very large nuclear-spin polarizations and a means of extending the resultant sensitivity enhancement to other spins is proposed in which the transfer of order occurs through population differences not associated with magnetization.
Abstract: A method of obtaining very large nuclear-spin polarizations is proposed and illustrated by density-operator calculations. The prediction is that chemical reaction and rf irradiation can convert the scalar parahydrogen state into polarization of order unity on the nuclear spins of the products of molecular-hydrogen addition reactions. A means of extending the resultant sensitivity enhancement to other spins is proposed in which the transfer of order occurs through population differences not associated with magnetization.
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University of California, San Francisco1, University of Cambridge2, Vanderbilt University3, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne4, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre5, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center6, University of York7, Institute of Cancer Research8, Center for Devices and Radiological Health9, University of Pennsylvania10, Duke University11
TL;DR: The known abnormalities in cancer metabolism, the value and limitations of current imaging methods for metabolism, and the principles of hyperpolarization are summarized.
661 citations
Cites background or methods from "Transformation of symmetrization or..."
...Although they can be implemented in a number of ways to use the spin order of parahydrogen singlet, the parahydrogen and synthesis allow dramatically enhanced nuclear alignment (PASADENA) effect is most widely used to prepare hyperpolarized tracer compounds [77,78,81]....
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...Two other hyperpolarization techniques have been developed for applications to MRS and MRI: parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) [77,78] and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) [79,80]....
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...[77] Bowers CR and Weitekamp DP (1986)....
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TL;DR: In this communication, state-of-the-art quantum control techniques are reviewed and put into perspective by a consortium of experts in optimal control theory and applications to spectroscopy, imaging, as well as quantum dynamics of closed and open systems.
Abstract: It is control that turns scientific knowledge into useful technology: in physics and engineering it provides a systematic way for driving a dynamical system from a given initial state into a desired target state with minimized expenditure of energy and resources As one of the cornerstones for enabling quantum technologies, optimal quantum control keeps evolving and expanding into areas as diverse as quantum-enhanced sensing, manipulation of single spins, photons, or atoms, optical spectroscopy, photochemistry, magnetic resonance (spectroscopy as well as medical imaging), quantum information processing and quantum simulation In this communication, state-of-the-art quantum control techniques are reviewed and put into perspective by a consortium of experts in optimal control theory and applications to spectroscopy, imaging, as well as quantum dynamics of closed and open systems We address key challenges and sketch a roadmap for future developments
572 citations
Cites methods from "Transformation of symmetrization or..."
...The second method involves the use of parahydrogen and a transfer of its highly populated singlet spin state onto nuclear spins in receptor molecules [48]....
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534 citations
404 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, state-of-the-art quantum control techniques are reviewed and put into perspective by a consortium uniting expertise in optimal control theory and applications to spectroscopy, imaging, quantum dynamics of closed and open systems.
Abstract: It is control that turns scientific knowledge into useful technology: in physics and engineering it provides a systematic way for driving a system from a given initial state into a desired target state with minimized expenditure of energy and resources -- as famously applied in the Apollo programme. As one of the cornerstones for enabling quantum technologies, optimal quantum control keeps evolving and expanding into areas as diverse as quantum-enhanced sensing, manipulation of single spins, photons, or atoms, optical spectroscopy, photochemistry, magnetic resonance (spectroscopy as well as medical imaging), quantum information processing and quantum simulation. --- Here state-of-the-art quantum control techniques are reviewed and put into perspective by a consortium uniting expertise in optimal control theory and applications to spectroscopy, imaging, quantum dynamics of closed and open systems. We address key challenges and sketch a roadmap to future developments.
381 citations