Transposable Elements and Stress in Vertebrates: An Overview.
Anna Maria Pappalardo,Venera Ferrito,Maria Assunta Biscotti,Adriana Canapa,Teresa Capriglione +4 more
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TLDR
A review of the impact of TEs in vertebrate genomes is presented in this article, where the authors explore the effects of environmental and dietary factor exposures on TE activity in mammals, which is the most studied group among vertebrates.Abstract:
Since their identification as genomic regulatory elements, Transposable Elements (TEs) were considered, at first, molecular parasites and later as an important source of genetic diversity and regulatory innovations. In vertebrates in particular, TEs have been recognized as playing an important role in major evolutionary transitions and biodiversity. Moreover, in the last decade, a significant number of papers has been published highlighting a correlation between TE activity and exposition to environmental stresses and dietary factors. In this review we present an overview of the impact of TEs in vertebrate genomes, report the silencing mechanisms adopted by host genomes to regulate TE activity, and finally we explore the effects of environmental and dietary factor exposures on TE activity in mammals, which is the most studied group among vertebrates. The studies here reported evidence that several factors can induce changes in the epigenetic status of TEs and silencing mechanisms leading to their activation with consequent effects on the host genome. The study of TE can represent a future challenge for research for developing effective markers able to detect precocious epigenetic changes and prevent human diseases.read more
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Transposable Elements and Human Diseases: Mechanisms and Implication in the Response to Environmental Pollutants
TL;DR: Improved knowledge of TEs may lead to new potential diagnostic markers of diseases, and the exposure of individuals to stresses and environmental contaminants seems to have a non-negligible impact on the epigenetic derepression and mobility ofTEs, which can lead to the development of diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transposable Elements: Major Players in Shaping Genomic and Evolutionary Patterns
TL;DR: The ‘double life' of TEs is described, being both ‘parasites’ and ‘symbionts’ of the genome, and it is argued that the transposition ofTEs contributes to two important evolutionary processes: the temporal dynamic of evolution and the induction of genetic variability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transposable elements in plants: Recent advancements, tools and prospects
M. Ramakrishnan,Lakkakula Satish,Anket Sharma,Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod,Abolghassem Emamverdian,Mingbing Zhou,Qiang Wei +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological mechanisms of stress-induced evolution.
Elizabeth Mojica,Dietmar Kültz +1 more
TL;DR: Five key physiological mechanisms of stress-induced evolution are summarized, which rapidly generate heritable phenotypes that may be adaptive, maladaptive or neutral in specific contexts and produce phenotypic variation at the population level.
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Investigation of the activity of transposable elements and genes involved in their silencing in the newt Cynops orientalis, a species with a giant genome
Federica Carducci,Elisa Carotti,Marco Gerdol,Samuele Greco,Adriana Canapa,Marco Barucca,Maria Assunta Biscotti +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the activity of transposable elements (TEs) in the transcriptomes obtained from female and male gonads of the Chinese fire-bellied newt, Cynops orientalis, a species with a genome about 12-fold larger than the human genome.
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TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Journal ArticleDOI
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