Treatment of carbofuran-bearing synthetic wastewater using UASB process.
03 Mar 2007-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes (Informa UK Limited)-Vol. 42, Iss: 2, pp 189-199
TL;DR: The toxic effect of carbofuran was reversible to a certain extent and the reactor efficiency was also measured in terms of specific acetoclastic methanogenic activity (SMA).
Abstract: In the present study, fate of carbofuran in anaerobic environments and the adverse effects of carbofuran on conventional anaerobic systems were evaluated. Carbofuran degradation studies were carried out in batch reactors with varying carbofuran concentrations of 0 to 270.73 mg/L corresponding to a sludge-loading rate (SLR) of 2.12 × 10− 6 to 3.83 × 10− 3 g of carbofuran/g of volatile suspended solids (VSS)/d. Carbofuran concentration was reduced to undetectable levels at the end of 8 and 13 days in the batch reactors operated with a SLR of 2.12 × 10− 6 and 3.33 × 10− 5 g of carbofuran/g of VSS/d, respectively. Performances of two anaerobic reactors i.e. upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and modified UASB (with tube settlers) were evaluated in the presence and absence of carbofuran using synthetic wastewater. In the absence of carbofuran, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in the conventional UASB reactor at 8 h and 6 h hydraulic retention time (HRT) was nearly 88% and 76%, re...
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TL;DR: The use of this consortium for the treatment of CBF and other carbamates at reactor scale represents a potential approach for the removal of these pesticides from agricultural wastewater, as an alternative to BPS.
18 citations
22 Feb 2017-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
TL;DR: The reactor system and GAC-TiO2 catalyst used could be constructive in cost-effective CBF removal with no impact to receiving environment through getaway of photocatalyst.
Abstract: Carbofuran (CBF) removal in a continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor with granular activated carbon supported titanium dioxide (GAC-TiO2) catalyst was investigated. The effects of feed flow rate, TiO2 concentration and addition of supplementary oxidants on CBF removal were investigated. The central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiments and to estimate the effects of feed flow rate and TiO2 concentration on CBF removal. The outcome of CCD experiments demonstrated that reactor performance was influenced mainly by feed flow rate compared to TiO2 concentration. A second-order polynomial model developed based on CCD experiments fitted the experimental data with good correlation (R2 ∼ 0.964). The addition of 1 mL min−1 hydrogen peroxide has shown complete CBF degradation and 76% chemical oxygen demand removal under the following operating conditions of CBF ∼50 mg L−1, TiO2 ∼5 mg L−1 and feed flow rate ∼82.5 mL min−1. Rate constant of the photodegradation process was also calculated b...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the intracellular and extracellular metabolites of the Chryseobacterium sp. BSC2-3 strain were analyzed during carbofuran degradation by using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach.
Abstract: Carbofuran is one of the most commonly used N-methylcarbamate-based pesticides and is excellent for controlling pests; however, carbofuran also causes soil and water pollution. Although various studies have been conducted on the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soil, the changes occurring in the metabolome during the bioremediation of carbofuran are not fully understood. In this study, the intracellular and extracellular metabolites of the Chryseobacterium sp. BSC2-3 strain were analysed during carbofuran degradation by using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. We found that the BSC2-3 strain extracellularly transformed carbofuran into 3-hydroxycarbofuran. Intracellular metabolite analysis revealed that carbofuran mainly affected aminobenzoate degradation, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. Carbofuran especially affected the metabolic pathway for the degradation of naphthalene and aminobenzoate. Metabolomics additionally revealed that the strain produces disease resistance inducers and plant growth regulators. We also identified the genes involved in the production of indole-3-acetic acid, which is one of the most active auxins. Overall, we identified the metabolic changes induced in carbofuran-degrading bacteria and the genes predicted to be responsible for the degradation of carbofuran.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review describes carbofuran toxicity to the eye with special emphasis on corneal morbidities and blindness, and reported alteration of autophagy mechanism in human cornea in vitro and ex vivo post carbofuranium exposure.
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Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
Abstract: Set your standards with these standard methods. This is it: the most widely read publication in the water industry, your all-inclusive reference tool. This comprehensive reference covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis methods. More than 400 methods - all detailed step-by-step; 8 vibrant, full-color pages of aquatic algae illustrations; Never-before-seen figures that will help users with toxicity testing and the identification of apparatus used in the methods; Over 300 superbly illustrated figures; A new analytical tool for a number of inorganic nonmetals; Improved coverage of data evaluation, sample preservation, and reagant water; And much more!
78,324 citations
01 Jan 1989
187 citations
"Treatment of carbofuran-bearing syn..." refers methods in this paper
...Treatment of synthetic wastewater in UASB reactor The guidelines of Hulshoff Pol[20] and Hu et al.[21] were followed for the primary start–up and granular sludge development....
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...The guidelines of Hulshoff Pol[20] and Hu et al....
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TL;DR: The improvement in the decomposition levels of carbofuran reached by the combined processes in relation to the single oxidants, due to the generation of the very reactive hydroxyl radicals, is also established in every process.
172 citations
"Treatment of carbofuran-bearing syn..." refers methods in this paper
...[5] Several technologies like ozonation, ultra violet (UV) radiation, advanced oxidation processes[8] and bioremediation are available for the removal of carbofuran from...
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TL;DR: The sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1 reductively dehalogenates pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other chlorophenols in an anaerobic pure culture.
Abstract: Reductive dehalogenation of chlorophenols has been reported in undefined anaerobic cultures but never before in an anaerobic pure culture. We found that the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1 reductively dehalogenates pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other chlorophenols. The maximum rate of PCP dechlorination observed was 54 mu mol of Cl- h-1 g of protein-1. 3-Chlorobenzoate appeared to serve as a required inducer for PCP dehalogenation; however, neither PCP nor 3-chlorophenol induced dehalogenation. Dehalogenation was catalyzed by living cells, and formate served as a required electron donor. D. tiedjei dehalogenated meta-chlorine substituents of chlorophenols (i.e., PCP was degraded to 2,4,6-trichlorophenol). Generally, more highly chlorinated phenol congeners were more readily dechlorinated, and 3-chlorophenol was not dehalogenated. Growing cultures dehalogenated PCP, but greater than 10 microM PCP (approximately 1.7 mmol g of protein-1) reversibly inhibited growth.
155 citations
"Treatment of carbofuran-bearing syn..." refers background in this paper
...Many anaerobic pure bacterial isolates have been found to be successful in dechlorination and degradation of many recalcitrant and toxic organic substances like heptachlor,[9] chlorophenols,[10] chlorobenzene[11] and pentachloroethylene....
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TL;DR: The use of agricultural herbicides in the United States increased 280% between 1966 and 1981; insecticide use also increased, but only by a few per cent1. as mentioned in this paper reported that many of these compounds are more commonly present in rainfall, at least regionally than has previously been realized.
Abstract: The use of agricultural herbicides in the United States increased 280% between 1966 and 1981; insecticide use also increased, but only by a few per cent1. Since 1981, pesticide use has fluctuated with crop acreage, and shows no clear increasing or decreasing trend2. Compared to their predecessors, currently used herbicides are not very toxic to animals, and both herbicides and insecticides are less persistent and show less tendency to bio-accumulate, but are more soluble in water, and therefore more mobile in the environment. Previous studies of these compounds have reported their movement to the edge of the field by surface transport in rainfall runoff3, their presence in surface and ground water4–9, and their seasonal presence in drinking water supplies4. By contrast, only one previous study10 has reported any of these compounds in rainwater: atrazine was reported in Maryland in concentrations as high as 2.19 μg I−1. The work we report here indicates that many of these compounds are more commonly present in rainfall, at least regionally, than has previously been realized.
142 citations