Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
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TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Honeybee and consumer's exposure and risk characterisation to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and its degradation product (AMPA): Residues in beebread, wax, and honey
Noëmie El Agrebi,Simone Tosi,Olivier Wilmart,Marie-Louise Scippo,Dirk C. de Graaf,Claude Saegerman +5 more
TL;DR: Considering the results and the available regulatory data on the glyphosate molecule considered solely, not including the adjuvants in GBH formulation, the consumption of these three contaminated matrices would not be a food safety issue and caution should be taken in the interpretation of the results as new studies indicate possible glyphosate/GBH residues toxicity below regulatory limits and at chronic sub-lethal doses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of glyphosate residues in companion animal feeds
Jiang Zhao,Steven Pacenka,Jing Wu,Brian K. Richards,Tammo S. Steenhuis,Kenneth W. Simpson,Anthony G. Hay +6 more
TL;DR: Glyphosate concentration was significantly correlated with crude fiber content, but not crude fat or crude protein, and is likely to result in pet exposure that is 4-12 times higher than that of humans on a per Kg basis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure risk and environmental impacts of glyphosate: Highlights on the toxicity of herbicide co-formulants
Kavita Gandhi,Shaila Khan,Mansi Patrikar,Aishwarya Markad,Niraj Kumar,Aaditee Choudhari,Pallavi Sagar,Shreya Indurkar +7 more
TL;DR: Considering the extensive global usage of glyphosate, it is of utmost importance to design toxicological studies and include glyphosate and related adjuvants in the routine monitoring programs of countries to help understand the risks and need to restrict or ban the use of glyphosate.
Book ChapterDOI
Current and future scenarios of glyphosate use in Europe: Are there alternatives?
TL;DR: Glyphosate is the world's most used herbicide to control weeds in tree and herbaceous crops, and in non-agricultural areas as discussed by the authors, however, health and environmental concerns, as well as the spread of weed resistance, may lead to a ban or limitations of its use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glyphosate Determination by Coupling an Immuno-Magnetic Assay with Electrochemical Sensors
TL;DR: An electrochemical competitive immunoassay, based on the use of antibody-modified magnetic particles, has been developed and has been applied to the analysis of spiked beer samples.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
John Peterson Myers,Michael Antoniou,Bruce Blumberg,Lynn Carroll,Theo Colborn,Lorne G. Everett,Michael Hansen,Philip J. Landrigan,Bruce P. Lanphear,Robin Mesnage,Laura N. Vandenberg,Frederick S. vom Saal,Wade V. Welshons,Charles Benbrook +13 more
TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.