Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
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TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
Citations
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Ovarian mitochondrial and oxidative stress proteins are altered by glyphosate exposure in mice.
TL;DR: The data indicate that chronic low-level exposure to GLY alters the ovarian proteome and may ultimately impact ovarian function.
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Glyphosate does not substitute for glycine in proteins of actively dividing mammalian cells.
Michael Antoniou,Armel Nicolas,Armel Nicolas,Robin Mesnage,Martina Biserni,Francesco V. Rao,Cristina Vazquez Martin +6 more
TL;DR: The assertion that glyphosate substitutes for glycine in protein polypeptide chains is incorrect is tested by conducting a proteomics analysis of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells grown in the presence of 100 mg/L glyphosate for 6 days.
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Widespread occurrence of glyphosate in urine from pet dogs and cats in New York State, USA.
TL;DR: Concentrations of glyphosate and its derivatives, methyl glyphosate (Me-Glyp) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in urine collected from 30 dogs and 30 cats from New York State, USA determined Glyp was the most predominant compound found in pet urine followed by AMPA and Me-glyp.
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Rapid and reliable detection of glyphosate in pome fruits, berries, pulses and cereals by flow injection - Mass spectrometry.
Biancamaria Ciasca,Ivan Pecorelli,Lavinia Lepore,Angela Paoloni,Lucia Catucci,Michelangelo Pascale,Veronica M.T. Lattanzio +6 more
TL;DR: The trueness of the results generated with the developed method was evaluated by analysis of a set of incurred chickpea and wheat samples and comparison with the reference method, confirming the method fitness-for-purpose of rapid compliance testing.
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Controversies on Endocrine and Reproductive Effects of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides: A Mini-Review.
Anderson Tadeu de Araújo-Ramos,Marcella Tapias Passoni,Marco Romano,Renata Marino Romano,Anderson Joel Martino-Andrade +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, the controversies related to endocrine-disrupting properties of technical-grade glyphosate and GBHs emphasizing the reproductive system and its implications for human health are discussed.
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Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
John Peterson Myers,Michael Antoniou,Bruce Blumberg,Lynn Carroll,Theo Colborn,Lorne G. Everett,Michael Hansen,Philip J. Landrigan,Bruce P. Lanphear,Robin Mesnage,Laura N. Vandenberg,Frederick S. vom Saal,Wade V. Welshons,Charles Benbrook +13 more
TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.