Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
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TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
Citations
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Glyphosate-based herbicides: Evidence of immune-endocrine alteration.
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Solid-Phase Extraction of Glyphosate in the Analyses of Environmental, Plant, and Food Samples
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the state of the art concerning the strategies of solid-phase extraction of glyphosate and some of its metabolites in the analysis of environmental (water and soil), plant, and food samples.
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Structural damage in liver, gonads, and reduction in spawning performance and alteration in the haematological parameter of Anabas testudineus by glyphosate‐ a herbicide
Sujata Mohapatra,Rajesh Kumar,Jitendra Kumar Sundaray,Srianga Tilak Patnaik,C. S. K. Mishra,Mohd Ashraf Rather +5 more
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Patterns of pre-crop glyphosate use and in-crop selective herbicide intensities in Northern Germany
TL;DR: The most interesting result of this analysis is that the intensity of selective herbicide use for in-crop weed management was not related to GBH treatment prior to the crop (except maize), suggesting that using GBH pre-crop does not necessarily save herbicides in the following crop.
References
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Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
John Peterson Myers,Michael Antoniou,Bruce Blumberg,Lynn Carroll,Theo Colborn,Lorne G. Everett,Michael Hansen,Philip J. Landrigan,Bruce P. Lanphear,Robin Mesnage,Laura N. Vandenberg,Frederick S. vom Saal,Wade V. Welshons,Charles Benbrook +13 more
TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.