Trends in point-of-care microscopy
01 Jan 2019-pp 443-482
TL;DR: This comprehensive report of the trends in POC microscopy will not only encourage people to explore the realms of health care but also will expand the horizon of the existing POC technologies.
Abstract: The technological advancements in health care have enabled us to visualize point-of-care testing (POCT) as an integrated system in medical diagnostics. Point-of-care (POC) microscopy has the ability to bring about a revolution in the general diagnostic procedures. It enables us to get real-time test results in histopathology through noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures. This chapter on the trends in POC microscopy intends to put forth a comprehensive assimilation of its significant aspects for the present understanding and future direction. With a brief introduction to the concept of POCT and its historical perspective, the chapter reviews the circumstances under which the demand for POCT has increased in the health care industry over the last four to five decades. Primarily, the chapter emphasizes POC microscopy as an emerging technology in rural health care, where histopathology-based examinations of biological samples are the first stage of diagnosis. The chapter extensively discusses the need of POC microscopes, the fabrication approaches implemented to develop POC microscopes, and the current research trend in this field. Finally, the chapter outlines the commercial aspect of the existing and upcoming POC microscopes in the medical industry. We hope that this comprehensive report of the trends in POC microscopy will not only encourage people to explore the realms of health care but also will expand the horizon of the existing POC technologies.
References
More filters
[...]
TL;DR: In addition to malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection, several other infectious diseases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality as discussed by the authors, in particular 13 tropical diseases that cause disabilities such as blindness and heart failure.
Abstract: In addition to malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection, several other infectious diseases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. In particular, 13 tropical diseases infect billions of people and cause disabilities such as blindness and heart failure, especially in persons who live in impoverished conditions. This review article describes approaches to the global control of these diseases.
1,302 citations
[...]
TL;DR: An imaging method, termed Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM), which iteratively stitches together a number of variably illuminated, low-resolution intensity images in Fourier space to produce a wide-field, high-resolution complex sample image, which can also correct for aberrations and digitally extend a microscope's depth-of-focus beyond the physical limitations of its optics.
Abstract: We report an imaging method, termed Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM), which iteratively stitches together a
number of variably illuminated, low-resolution intensity images in Fourier space to produce a wide-field, high-resolution
complex sample image. By adopting a wavefront correction strategy, the FPM method can also correct for aberrations and
digitally extend a microscope’s depth of focus beyond the physical limitations of its optics. As a demonstration, we built a
microscope prototype with a resolution of 0.78 µm, a field of view of ∼120 mm^2 and a resolution-invariant depth of focus
of 0.3 mm (characterized at 632 nm). Gigapixel colour images of histology slides verify successful FPM operation. The
reported imaging procedure transforms the general challenge of high-throughput, high-resolution microscopy from one
that is coupled to the physical limitations of the system’s optics to one that is solvable through computation.
1,081 citations
[...]
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of personalized medicine and home testing in the developing world, and some of the strategies used to achieve this goal have not yet been developed.
Abstract: Introduction A Why POC Diagnostics? B Time B Patient Responsibility and Compliance B Cost B Diagnostic Targets C Proteins C Metabolites and Other Small Molecules C Nucleic Acids C Human Cells D Microbes/Pathogens D Drugs and Food Safety D Current Context of POC Assays E POC Glucose Assays E Lateral Flow Assays E Limitations of “Traditional” POC Approaches F Enabling Technologies G Printing and Laminating G Microfluidic Technologies and Approaches: “Unit Operations” for POC Devices G Pumping and Valving H Mixing I Separation I Reagent Storage J Sample Preparation K Surface Chemistry and Device Substrates L Physical Adsorption L Bioaffinity Attachment L Covalent Attachment M Substrate Materials M Detection M Electrochemical Detection N Optical Detection N Magnetic Detection N Label-Free Methods O Enabling Multiplexed Assays O Recent Innovation O Lateral Flow Assay Technologies O Proteins P Antibodies P Protein Expression and Purification Q Nucleic Acids Q Aptamers R Infectious Diseases and Food/Water Safety R Blood Chemistry S Coagulation Markers S Whole Cells S Trends, Unmet Needs, Perspectives T Glucose T Global Health and the Developing World T Personalized Medicine and Home Testing U Technology Trends U Multiplexing V Author Information V Biographies V Acknowledgment W References W
856 citations
[...]
TL;DR: It is argued that achieving success in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria may well require a concurrent attack on the neglected tropical diseases.
Abstract: Hotez et al. argue that achieving success in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria may well require a concurrent attack on the neglected tropical diseases.
749 citations
[...]
TL;DR: A miniature (1.9 g) integrated fluorescence microscope made from mass-producible parts, including a semiconductor light source and sensor enables high-speed cellular imaging across ∼0.5 mm2 areas in active mice and allows concurrent tracking of Ca2+ spiking in >200 Purkinje neurons across nine cerebellar microzones.
Abstract: The light microscope is traditionally an instrument of substantial size and expense. Its miniaturized integration would enable many new applications based on mass-producible, tiny microscopes. Key prospective usages include brain imaging in behaving animals for relating cellular dynamics to animal behavior. Here we introduce a miniature (1.9 g) integrated fluorescence microscope made from mass-producible parts, including a semiconductor light source and sensor. This device enables high-speed cellular imaging across ∼0.5 mm2 areas in active mice. This capability allowed concurrent tracking of Ca2+ spiking in >200 Purkinje neurons across nine cerebellar microzones. During mouse locomotion, individual microzones exhibited large-scale, synchronized Ca2+ spiking. This is a mesoscopic neural dynamic missed by prior techniques for studying the brain at other length scales. Overall, the integrated microscope is a potentially transformative technology that permits distribution to many animals and enables diverse usages, such as portable diagnostics or microscope arrays for large-scale screens.
743 citations
Related Papers (5)
[...]
[...]