Tribological characteristics of electroless Ni–B coating and optimization of coating parameters using Taguchi based grey relational analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, a taguchi-based grey relational analysis is employed for the optimization of this multiple response problem using an L 27 orthogonal array to minimize the friction and wear characteristics of electroless Ni-B coatings simultaneously by optimizing the three coating parameters.
About: This article is published in Materials & Design.The article was published on 2011-04-01. It has received 87 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electroless nickel & Coating.
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TL;DR: In this article, Ni-B coatings have been deposited directly on commercial purity magnesium and AZ91D alloy and characterized using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and, for tribological and mechanical evaluation, dry sliding wear and friction testing and microhardness measurement.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the experiments are carried out to reduce the friction and improve corrosion resistant properties of Ni-B coating by PTFE impregnation, and it is found that Ni-b coating after impregnated by an aqueous solution containing 40 ¼wt% pTFE nanoparticles is able to withstand a rubbing test duration of 3600 s with the coefficient of friction as low as
Abstract: Electroless nickel boron (Ni-B) coatings are finding their applications in the aerospace, automotive, chemical and electrical industries due to their properties such as high hardness and high wear resistance. However, Ni-B coatings generally show high friction. They also suffered from severe attacks in aqueous solution containing Cl− ion. In this paper, the experiments are carried out to reduce the friction and improve corrosion resistant properties of Ni-B coating by PTFE impregnation. It is found that Ni-B coating after impregnated by an aqueous solution containing 40 wt% PTFE nanoparticles is able to withstand a rubbing test duration of 3600 s with the coefficient of friction as low as
65 citations
25 Oct 2011-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase transformation behavior of amorphous electroless Ni-B coating with a targeted composition of Ni-6wt% B is characterized in conjunction with microstructural development and hardness.
Abstract: Phase transformation behaviour of amorphous electroless Ni-B coating with a targeted composition of Ni-6wt% B is characterized in conjunction with microstructural development and hardness. Microscopic observations of the as-deposited coating display a novel microstructure which is already phase separated at multiple length scales. Spherical colonies of similar to 5 mu m consist of 2-3 mu m nodular regions which are surrounded by similar to 2-3 mu m region that contains fine bands ranging from 10 to 70 nm in width. The appearance of three crystalline phases in this binary system at different stages of heat treatment and the concomitant variation in hardness are shown to arise from nanoscale fluctuations in the as-deposited boron content from 4 to 8 wt%. High temperature annealing reveals continuous crystallization up to 430 degrees C, overlapping with the domain of B loss due to diffusion into the substrate. The implications of such a microstructure for optimal heat treatment procedures are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the contribution of the factor variables to the response variables of density and micro-hardness in Al-CNTs-Nb nano-composite.
Abstract: Optimisation of process parameters is usually undertaken to achieve more efficient and cost-effective process conditions. This work deals with the optimisation of spark plasma sintering process parameters which include sintering temperature, pressure, dwell time and heating rate for the development of Al-CNTs-Nb nano-composite. Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) was used to design the sintering operation, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the contribution of the factor variables to the response variables of density and micro-hardness. The admixed powders were consolidated as designed with SPS machine, while the sintered compacts were characterised using optical microscope, Vickers hardness tester and Archimedes-based density tester. The results obtained were a maximum density of 2.68 g cm−3 (99.3% relative density) and maximum micro-hardness of 38.57 HV (0.37 GPa), while the optimal SPS parameters were sintering temperature of 630 °C, pressure of 30 MPa, dwell time of 10 min and heating rate of 200 °C/min. This work has achieved a 20% improvement in micro-hardness which is good for so many engineering applications.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the tribological behavior of sodium borohydride reduced electroless (Ni-B, Ni-B-W and NiB-Mo) coatings at room temperature (25°C), 100°C, 300°C and 500°C.
Abstract: The present work investigates and compares the tribological behavior of sodium borohydride reduced electroless Ni-B, Ni-B-W and Ni-B-Mo coatings at room temperature (25 °C), 100 °C, 300 °C and 500 °C. A typical nodulated surface morphology with amorphous structure is observed for the EN binary and ternary alloy coatings. Deposition of W along with Ni-B results in improved microhardness and tribological behavior at room temperature, 100 °C and 300 °C along with excellent thermal stability. But the highest resistance to wear is exhibited by Ni-B-Mo coatings at 500 °C test temperature due to a protective tribo-oxide layer formation consisting of oxides of nickel and molybdenum. Depending on the test temperature, the wear mechanism is also seen to vary with the tribological behavior being controlled by in-situ phase transformation, formation of tribo-oxide layers as well as mechanically mixed layers.
47 citations
References
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TL;DR: The Grey Systeni and its applications are interdisciplinary, cutting across a variety of specialized fields, and it is evident that Grey System theory stands the test of time since 1982 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Grey System theory was initiated in 1982 [7]. As far as information is concerned, the systems which lack information, such as structure message, operation mechanism and behaviour document, are referred to as Grey Systems. For example, the human body, agriculture, economy, etc., are Grey Systems. Usually, on the grounds of existing grey relations, grey elements, grey numbers (denoted by 8 ) one can identify which Grey System is, where \"grey\" means poor, incomplete, uncertain, etc. The goal of Grey Systeni and its applications is to bridge the gap existing between social science and natural science. Thus, one can say that the Grey System theory is interdisciplinary, cutting across a variety of specialized fields, and it is evident that Grey System theory stands the test of time since 1982. As the case stands, the developn~ent of the Grey System-as well as theoretical topic-is coupled with clear applications of the theory in assorted fields. The conccept of the Grey System, in its theory and successful application, is now well known in China. The application fields of the Grey System involve agriculture [23, 77-81, 911, ecology [59], economy [61, 102, 103, 1041, meteorology [58, 74,911, medicine [55, 891, history [63, 641, geography [I], industry [61, earthquake [73, 87, 881, geology [76, 1 191, hydrology [98, 1 121, irrigation strategy [261, military affairs, sports [116], traffic [67], management [30, 97, 1051, material science [82, 831, environment [ 1081, biological protection [69,70], judicial system [loo], etc. Projects which have been successfully completed with the Grey System theory and its applications are as follows: 1. Regional econonlic planning for several provinces in China; 2. To forecast yields of grain for some provinces in China:
4,126 citations
Book•
01 Aug 1995TL;DR: Taguchi as discussed by the authors presented Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering (TQE), a technique for quality engineering in the field of high-level geometry. Technometrics: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 253-255.
Abstract: (1989). Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering. Technometrics: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 253-255.
2,685 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The Electroless Plating: Fundamentals and Applications (ESPA) as discussed by the authors is a comprehensive text that covers both fundamental and applied aspects of electroless deposition, and was first introduced at SUR/FIN '91.
Abstract: Many texts have been written on surface finishing over the years that deal with electroless deposition as a sidelight. Through the talents and efforts of Glenn Mallory and Juan Hajdu, a comprehensive text, entitled Electroless Plating: Fundamentals and Applications, is available through AESF Headquarters. The editors have combined the efforts of 27 contributing authors to produce a wide-ranging text that covers both fundamental and applied aspects of the subject. Published by the AESF, the book was first introduced at SUR/FIN ‘91—Toronto.
963 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications, with emphasis on wear and corrosion properties.
Abstract: Since the inception of electroless coating by Brenner & Riddell in 1946, it has been the subject of research interest and, in the past two decades, emphasis has shifted to the studies of its properties and applications. The co-deposition of paniculate matter or substance within the growing film has led to a new generation of electroless composite coatings, many of which possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance. This valuable process can coat not only electrically conductive materials including graphite but also fabrics, insulators like plastics, rubber etc. The low coating rates with these can provide better reflectivity of plated surfaces and many more applications. Coatings can be tailored for desired properties by selecting the composition of the coating alloy/composite/metallic to suit specific requirements. The market for these coatings is expanding fast as the potential applications are on the rise. In the present article, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications. Different characterisation studies have been conducted on various electroless nickel-based coatings with emphasis on wear and corrosion properties.
322 citations