Journal ArticleDOI
Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence
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In this paper, two modes of seasonal behavior are noted for surface ozone at mid-latitudes: a broad summer maximum within a few hundred km of industrial/urban areas in Europe and the U.S., and a minimum in summer or autumn in sparcely populated regions that are remote from industrial activity.Abstract:
In the present analysis of tropospheric ozone data, attention is given to spatial and temporal variations. Two modes of seasonal behavior are noted for surface ozone at mid-latitudes: a broad summer maximum within a few hundred km of industrial/urban areas in Europe and the U.S., and a minimum in summer or autumn in sparcely populated regions that are remote from industrial activity. These and limited historical data indicate that summertime concentrations of ozone near the surface in the rural areas of Europe and the U.S. may have increased between 20 and 100 percent since the 1940s. It is suggested that the summer maximum in ozone and other observed trends are due to photochemical production associated with anthropogenic emissions of NO(x), hydrocarbons, and CO from fossil fuel combustion.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences
Peter M. Vitousek,John D. Aber,Robert W. Howarth,Gene E. Likens,Pamela A. Matson,David W. Schindler,William H. Schlesinger,David Tilman +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available scientific evidence shows that human alterations of the nitrogen cycle have approximately doubled the rate of nitrogen input into the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, with these rates still increasing; increased concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas N 2O globally, and increased concentration of other oxides of nitrogen that drive the formation of photochemical smog over large regions of Earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx
TL;DR: The present status of knowledge of the gas phase reactions of inorganic Ox, Hox and NOx species and of selected classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their degradation products in the troposphere is discussed in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycles
TL;DR: Widespread burning of biomass serves to clear land for shifting cultivation, to convert forests to agricultural and pastoral lands, and to remove dry vegetation in order to promote agricultural productivity and the growth of higher yield grasses, but it may also disturb biogeochemical cycles, especially that of nitrogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds
Roger Atkinson,Janet Arey +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond Global Warming: Ecology and Global Change
TL;DR: There are three major causes of global environmental change: increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, alterations in the biogeochemistry of the global nitrogen cycle, and ongoing land use/land cover change as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective
TL;DR: A model for the photochemistry of the global troposphere constrained by observed concentrations of H2O, O3, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, and HNO3 is presented in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stratospheric-Tropospheric Exchange Based on Radioactivity, Ozone and Potential Vorticity
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared both discrete and continuous measurements of radioactivity made during Project Springfield and found a positive correlation between potential vorticity and radioactivity of stratospheric origin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen oxides in the troposphere: Global and regional budgets
TL;DR: The cycle of nitrogen oxides in the troposphere from both global and regional perspectives is discussed in this article, where estimates for the rate of removal of NOx based on recent atmospheric and precipitation chemistry data are consistent with global source strengths derived here.
Journal ArticleDOI
A discussion of the chemistry of some minor constituents in the stratosphere and troposphere
TL;DR: In this article, a discussion is given of atmospheric reactions in the H2O−CH4−O2−O3−NO ≥ 3−NO fixme x system.
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