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Journal ArticleDOI

Trypanosoma evansi: Hematologic changes in experimentally infected cats

TL;DR: It is concluded that cats infected with T. evansi have normocytic, normochromic, regenerative anemia.
About: This article is published in Experimental Parasitology.The article was published on 2009-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 35 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Trypanosoma evansi & Hematocrit.
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Journal ArticleDOI
15 Aug 2018-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Overall, the results indicate that single and combined infection with T. evansi and T. cruzi represent a severe risk to the health of wild carnivores in the Pantanal region.
Abstract: The occurrence of Trypanosoma spp. in wild carnivore populations has been intensively investigated during the last decades. However, the impact of these parasites on the health of free-living infected animals has been largely neglected. The Pantanal biome is the world's largest seasonal wetland, harboring a great diversity of species and habitats. This includes 174 species of mammals, of which 20 belong to the order Carnivora. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma cruzi infections and coinfections on the health of the most abundant carnivores in the Pantanal: coati (Nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). We captured 39 coatis, 48 crab-eating foxes, and 19 ocelots. Diagnostic tests showed T. cruzi infection in 7 crab-eating foxes and 5 coatis. Additionally, 7 crab-eating foxes, 10 coatis, and 12 ocelots were positive for T. evansi. We observed coinfections in 9 crab-eating foxes, 8 coatis, and 2 ocelots. This is the first report of T. evansi and T. cruzi infection on the health of free-living ocelots and crab-eating foxes. We showed that single T. evansi or T. cruzi infection, as well as coinfection, caused some degree of anemia in all animals, as well as an indirect negative effect on body condition in coatis and crab-eating foxes via anemia indicators and immune investment, respectively. Furthermore, the vigorous immune investment observed in sampled coatis, crab-eating foxes and ocelots infected by T. evansi, T. cruzi and coinfected can be highly harmful to their health. Overall, our results indicate that single and combined infection with T. evansi and T. cruzi represent a severe risk to the health of wild carnivores in the Pantanal region.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Linda M. McInnes1, Amber Gillett2, J. Hanger2, Simon Reid1, Una Ryan1 
TL;DR: There was a statistical association between infection with T. gilletti with lower PCV values and body condition scores in koalas with signs of chlamydiosis, bone marrow disease or koala AIDS, raising the possibility that T.gilletti may be potentiating other disease syndromes affecting koalaas.
Abstract: Whole blood collected from koalas admitted to the Australian Zoo Wildlife Hospital (AZWH), Beerwah, QLd, Australia, during late 2006-2009 was tested using trypanosome species-specific 18S rDNA PCRs designed to amplify DNA from Trypanosoma irwini, T. gilletti and T. copemani. Clinical records for each koala sampled were reviewed and age, sex, blood packed cell volume (PCV), body condition, signs of illness, blood loss, trauma, chlamydiosis, bone marrow disease, koala AIDS and hospital admission outcome ('survival' / 'non-survival') were correlated with PCR results. Overall 73·8% (439/595) of the koalas were infected with at least 1 species of trypanosome. Trypanosoma irwini was detected in 423/595 (71·1%), T. gilletti in 128/595 (21·5%) and T. copemani in 26/595 (4·4%) of koalas. Mixed infections were detected in 125/595 (21%) with co-infections of T. irwini and T. gilletti (101/595, 17%) being most common. There was a statistical association between infection with T. gilletti with lower PCV values and body condition scores in koalas with signs of chlamydiosis, bone marrow disease or koala AIDS. No association between T. gilletti infection and any indicator of health was observed in koalas without signs of concurrent disease. This raises the possibility that T. gilletti may be potentiating other disease syndromes affecting koalas.

46 citations


Cites background from "Trypanosoma evansi: Hematologic cha..."

  • ...…al. 2004), horses (Silva et al. 1995), pigs (Omeke and Ugwu, 1991), sheep (Katunguka-Rwakishaya et al. 1992; Onah et al. 1996), goats (Goossens et al. 1998; Ogunsanmi and Taiwo, 2001; Faye et al. 2005) and dogs (Onyeyili and Anika, 1990; Egbe-Nwiyi and Antia, 1993) and cats (Da Silva et al. 2009)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the current state of knowledge of canine vector-borne diseases in India is provided and existing knowledge gaps in the literature are identified, to develop a better understanding of the diversity of canine vectors and their significance for veterinary and public health.
Abstract: Despite the combination of favourable climate for parasites and vectors, and large populations of stray dogs, information concerning the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of canine vector-borne diseases in India is limited. However, with the country's expanding economy and adaptation to western culture, higher expectations and demands are being placed on veterinary surgeons for improved knowledge of diseases and control. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of these diseases in India and identify existing knowledge gaps in the literature which need to be addressed. The available literature on this subject, although limited, suggests that a number of canine vector-borne diseases such as filariasis, babesiosis and ehrlichiosis are endemic throughout India, as diagnosed mostly by morphological methods. Detailed investigations of the epidemiology and zoonotic potential of these pathogens has been neglected. Further study is essential to develop a better understanding of the diversity of canine vector-borne diseases in India, and their significance for veterinary and public health.

42 citations


Cites background from "Trypanosoma evansi: Hematologic cha..."

  • ...However, examination by microscopy may under-diagnose the disease because in chronic infection level of parasitemia can be very low [92]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the ADA activity was altered in serum, lymphocytes and erythrocytes of rats, concomitantly with haematological parameters, in experimental infection by T. evansi.
Abstract: In Trypanosoma evansi infections changes in the haemogram are commonly observed, and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays an important role in the production and differentiation of blood cells. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of ADA in serum, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats infected with T. evansi compared to non-infected rats. Thirty adult rats were used, divided into 3 uniform groups. The animals in groups A and B were infected intraperitoneally with 2 x 10⁶ trypomastigotes/rat. Rodents from group C (control group), were not-infected. Blood collection was performed on days 4 and 20 post-infection (p.i.) in order to obtain acute and chronic infection stages of disease. The blood was used to assess the activity of ADA. In the blood, reduced haematocrit and increased lymphocytes were correlated with ADA activity in erythrocytes and lymphocytes. We observed reduction of ADA activity in serum and erythrocytes in rats infected with T. evansi compared to non-infected rats (P < 0.05). ADA activity in lymphocytes was decreased after 4 days, when the parasitaemia was high and increased after 20 days, when the number of circulating parasites was low. In conclusion, our results showed that the ADA activity was altered in serum, lymphocytes and erythrocytes of rats, concomitantly with haematological parameters, in experimental infection by T. evansi.

27 citations


Cites background or result from "Trypanosoma evansi: Hematologic cha..."

  • ...According to Da Silva et al. (2009a) the longevity of rats may be related to the type of inoculum used....

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  • ...This study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic disease in the rat, so the infectious dose used for groups A and B was 2×106 trypomastigotes/ animal in fresh blood and cryopreserved blood, respectively (Da Silva et al. 2009a)....

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  • ...Previous studies from our laboratory showed that in the infection with T. evansi haematological changes are commonly related to other factors, but major changes depend on the degree of parasitaemia and period of infection (Wolkmer et al. 2007; Da Silva et al. 2009b)....

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References
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TL;DR: Section I - Essential Hematologic Concepts Section II - Hemopoiesis Section III - The Erythrocytes Section IV -Leukocytes - Lymphocytes Section V - Leukocyte - Nonlymphoid Leukocytes Section VI - Hemostasis: Platelets - Platelet Structure and Function.
Abstract: Section I - Essential Hematologic Concepts Section II - Hemopoiesis Section III - The Erythrocytes Section IV - Leukocytes - Lymphocytes Section V - Leukocytes - Nonlymphoid Leukocytes Section VI - Hemostasis: Platelets - Platelet Structure and Function Section VII - Hemostasis: Platelets - Clinical Platelet Disorders Section VIII - Hemostasis Section IX - Hematologic/Hemopoietic Neoplasia-Lymphoid Neoplasia Section X - Hematologic/Hemopoietic Neoplasia-Nonlymphoid Hemopoietic Neoplasia Section XI - Immunohematology Section XII - Plasma Proteins Section XIII - Genetic Hematologic Disease Section XIV - Specific Species-Appropriate Hematology Section XV - Case Studies Index

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01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: It was made a version (Assistat 6.2) of the software for the variance analysis, Assistat, to work in the Windows operating system, since the previous versions were conceived toWork in the DOS operating system DOS (operation system in disk).
Abstract: It was made a version (Assistat 62) of the software for the variance analysis, Assistat, to work in the Windows operating system, since the previous versions were conceived to work in the DOS operating system DOS (operation system in disk) That software makes analysis of the variance of experimental data, from the four more usual experiments, which are; entirely cazualized, blocks at random subdivided portions and factorial It applies jointly the "F" test to verify the effects significance and Turkey’s test to compare the effect averages In the experiments cases, subdivided portions and factorial, it also applies crossed Turkey’s test in interaction averages, when there is interaction significant effect Assistat 62 also has David’s test to verify if the data has normal distribution (of Gauss’) and with the U test to compare two samples

611 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Suramin, a drug used exclusively for treatment of early-stage human African trypanosomiasis with no CNS involvement, effected apparent cure in the patient, the first case reported of human infection due to Trypanosoma evansi.
Abstract: We report an Indian farmer who had fluctuating trypanosome parasitemia associated with febrile episodes for five months. Morphologic examination of the parasites indicated the presence of large numbers of trypanosomes belonging to the species Trypanosoma evansi, which is normally a causative agent of animal trypanosomiasis known as surra. Basic clinical and biologic examinations are described, using several assays, including parasitologic, serologic, and molecular biologic tests, all of which confirmed the infecting species as T. evansi. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid indicated no invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by trypanosomes. Suramin, a drug used exclusively for treatment of early-stage human African trypanosomiasis with no CNS involvement, effected apparent cure in the patient. This is the first case reported of human infection due to Trypanosoma evansi, which was probably caused by transmission of blood from an infected animal.

301 citations