Journal ArticleDOI
Tumor adaptation and resistance to RAF inhibitors.
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TLDR
The current model of RAF inhibitor resistance is reviewed with a focus on the implications of this model on ongoing laboratory and clinical efforts to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with BRAF-mutant tumors.Abstract:
RAF kinase inhibitors have substantial therapeutic effects in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, only rarely do tumors regress completely, and the therapeutic effects are often temporary. Several mechanisms of resistance to RAF inhibitors have been proposed. The majority of these cause ERK signaling to become insensitive to treatment with RAF inhibitors by increasing the amount of RAF dimers in cells, whereas others bypass the dependence of the tumor on mutant RAF. One motivation for studying mechanisms of drug resistance is that such efforts may suggest new therapeutic targets or rational combination strategies that delay or prevent the emergence of drug-resistant clones. Here, we review the current model of RAF inhibitor resistance with a focus on the implications of this model on ongoing laboratory and clinical efforts to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with BRAF-mutant tumors.read more
Citations
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Drugging the undruggable Ras: mission possible?
TL;DR: This Review summarizes the progress and the promise of five key approaches for the development of RAS-inhibitory molecules and addresses the issue of whether blocking RAS membrane association is a viable approach.
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A view on drug resistance in cancer
TL;DR: A reductionist approach is taken to define and separate the key determinants of drug resistance, which include tumour burden and growth kinetics; tumour heterogeneity; physical barriers; the immune system and the microenvironment; undruggable cancer drivers; and the many consequences of applying therapeutic pressures.
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Kinase-targeted cancer therapies: progress, challenges and future directions
Khushwant S. Bhullar,Naiara Orrego Lagarón,Eileen M. McGowan,Indu Parmar,Amitabh Jha,Basil P. Hubbard,H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe +6 more
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The KRASG12C Inhibitor, MRTX849, Provides Insight Toward Therapeutic Susceptibility of KRAS Mutant Cancers in Mouse Models and Patients
Jill Hallin,Lars D. Engstrom,Lauren Hargis,Andrew Calinisan,Ruth Aranda,David Briere,Niranjan Sudhakar,Vickie Bowcut,Brian R. Baer,Joshua Ballard,Michael Burkard,Fell Jay Bradford,John P. Fischer,Guy Vigers,Yaohua Xue,Sole Gatto,Julio Fernandez-Banet,Adam Pavlicek,Karen Velastagui,Richard C. Chao,Jeremy Barton,Mariaelena Pierobon,Elisa Baldelli,Emanuel F. Patricoin,Douglas P. Cassidy,Matthew A. Marx,Igor I. Rybkin,Melissa Lynne Johnson,Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou,Piro Lito,Kyriakos P. Papadopoulos,Pasi A. Jänne,Peter Olson,James G. Christensen +33 more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
Helen Davies,Graham R. Bignell,Charles Cox,Philip J. Stephens,Sarah Edkins,S. M. Clegg,Jon W. Teague,Hayley Woffendin,Mathew J. Garnett,William Bottomley,Neil Davis,Ed Dicks,Rebecca Ewing,Yvonne Floyd,Kristian Gray,S. Hall,Rachel Hawes,Jaime Hughes,Vivian Kosmidou,Andrew Menzies,Catherine Mould,Adrian Parker,Claire Stevens,Stephen Watt,Steven Hooper,Rebecca Wilson,Hiran Jayatilake,Barry A. Gusterson,Colin Cooper,Janet Shipley,Darren Hargrave,Kathy Pritchard-Jones,Norman J. Maitland,Georgia Chenevix-Trench,Gregory J. Riggins,Darell D. Bigner,Giuseppe Palmieri,Antonio Cossu,Adrienne M. Flanagan,Andrew G. Nicholson,Judy W. C. Ho,Suet Yi Leung,Siu Tsan Yuen,Barbara L. Weber,Hilliard F. Seigler,Timothy L. Darrow,Hugh Paterson,Richard Marais,Christopher J. Marshall,Richard Wooster,Michael R. Stratton,P. Andrew Futreal +51 more
TL;DR: BRAF somatic missense mutations in 66% of malignant melanomas and at lower frequency in a wide range of human cancers, with a single substitution (V599E) accounting for 80%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell signaling by receptor-tyrosine kinases
TL;DR: Understanding of the complex signaling networks downstream from RTKs and how alterations in these networks are translated into cellular responses provides an important context for therapeutically countering the effects of pathogenic RTK mutations in cancer and other diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Survival with Vemurafenib in Melanoma with BRAF V600E Mutation
Paul B. Chapman,Axel Hauschild,Caroline Robert,John B. A. G. Haanen,Paolo A. Ascierto,James Larkin,Reinhard Dummer,Claus Garbe,Alessandro Testori,Michele Maio,David W. Hogg,Paul Lorigan,Céleste Lebbé,Thomas Jouary,Dirk Schadendorf,Antoni Ribas,Jeffrey A. Sosman,John M. Kirkwood,Brigitte Dréno,K. B. Nolop,Jiang Li,B. Nelson,Jeannie Hou,Richard J. Lee,Keith T. Flaherty,Grant A. McArthur +25 more
TL;DR: Vemurafenib produced improved rates of overall and progression-free survival in patients with previously untreated melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation in a phase 3 randomized clinical trial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma.
Keith T. Flaherty,Igor Puzanov,Kevin B. Kim,Antoni Ribas,Grant A. McArthur,Jeffrey A. Sosman,Peter J. O'Dwyer,Richard J. Lee,Joseph F. Grippo,K. B. Nolop,Paul B. Chapman +10 more
TL;DR: Treatment of metastatic melanoma with PLX4032 in patients with tumors that carry the V600E BRAF mutation resulted in complete or partial tumor regression in the majority of patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial
Axel Hauschild,Jean-Jacques Grob,Lev V. Demidov,Thomas Jouary,Ralf Gutzmer,Michael Millward,Piotr Rutkowski,Christian U. Blank,Wilson H. Miller,Eckhart Kaempgen,Salvador Martín-Algarra,Boguslawa Karaszewska,Cornelia Mauch,Vanna Chiarion-Sileni,Anne-Marie Martin,Suzanne Swann,Patricia Haney,Beloo Mirakhur,Mary E. Guckert,Vicki L. Goodman,Paul B. Chapman +20 more
TL;DR: Dabrafenib significantly improved progression-free survival compared with dacarbazine, and skin-related toxic effects, fever, fatigue, arthralgia, and headache were uncommon in both groups.
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