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Tuning Educational Structures in Europe

01 Jan 2003-pp 70-96
Abstract: The Bologna Declaration The Bologna Declaration of June 1999 calls for the establishment by 2010 of a coherent, compatible and competitive European Higher Educatio n Area, attractive for European students and for students and scholars from other c ontinents. The European Education Ministers identified six action lines in Bologna an d they have added three more in Prague in May 2001 and one more in Berlin in September 2003:

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Tuning Educational
Structures in Europe


Tuning Educational
Structures in Europe
Informe Final
Fase Uno
Editado por
Julia González
Robert Wagenaar
2003
Universidad de Universidad de
Deusto Groningen

El Proyecto Tuning fue financiado por la Comisión
Europea en el marco del Programa Socrates.
Esta publicación refleja los puntos de vista solo de los
autores, y la Comisión Europea no puede asumir res-
ponsabilidades por ningún uso que se haga de la infor-
mación contenida en el presente libro.
Los editores quieren expresar su gratitud a los Asistentes
del Proyecto Tuning Robert Alcock, Pablo Beneitone, Almu-
dena Garrido e Ingrid van der Meer por su dedicación y
contribución significativa al proyecto. Particularmente,
quieren agradecer a Pablo Beneitone por la coordinación
de la edición de la presente versión en castellano.
Ninguna parte de esta publicación, incluido el diseño
de la cubierta, puede ser reproducida, almacenada o
transmitida en manera alguna ni por ningún medio, ya
sea eléctrico, químico, mecánico, óptico, de grabación
o de fotocopia, sin permiso previo del editor.
Publicación impresa en papel ecológico
© Universidad de Deusto
Apartado 1 - 48080 Bilbao
ISBN: 84-7485-892-5 (obra completa)
ISBN: 84-7485-893-3
Depósito legal: BI - 1.862-03
Impreso en España/Printed in Spain
Fotocomposición: IPAR, S. Coop. - Bilbao
Imprime: RGM, S.A.

Lista de Participantes
Coordinadores Generales
Julia González - Universidad de Deusto (ES)
Robert Wagenaar - Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (NL)
Miembros del Comité de Gestión y de Dirección
Expertos en Educación Superior
Chantal Zoller - Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
Volker Gehmlich - Fachhochschule Osnabrück (DE)
Maria Sticchi-Damiani - Consejero ECTS (IT)
Ann Katherine Isaacs - Università degli Studi di Pisa (IT)
Estela Pereira - Universidade de Aveiro (PT)
Stephen Adam - University of Westminster (UK)
Coordinadores de Area Temática
Peder Ostergaard Coordinador del Area de Administración y Di-
rección de Empresas— Aarhus School of Business (DK)
Lars Gunnarsson —Coordinador del Area de Ciencias de la Educa-
ción— Göteborg University (SE)
Paul D. Ryan Coordinador del Area de Geología— National Uni-
versity of Galway (IE)
Jean-Luc Lamboley —Coordinador del Area de Historia— Université
Pierre Mendès France, Grenoble, (FR)

Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed data of 7201 respondents to the Croatian national graduate survey 2017 on students who graduated in the academic year 2015/2016 in different fields of education (Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Biotechnical Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities, Natural Sciences, Technical Sciences and Arts).
Abstract: Mastery of generic competences is widely recognized as important for a successful transition from higher education to the world of work, especially in today’s networked, digitalized, and globalized environment. This study analyses data of 7201 respondents to the Croatian national graduate survey 2017 on students who graduated in the academic year 2015/2016 in different fields of education (Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Biotechnical Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities, Natural Sciences, Technical Sciences and Arts). The goal of this study is to identify graduates’ perspectives on gaps between the generic and digital competences acquired during higher education studies and those required in the first workplace. It addresses three research questions: (1) Which generic and digital competences do graduates consider relevant for employability?, (2) Which groups of competences show a similar pattern of competence gap, from the graduate’s perspective?, and (3) How do graduates’ perceptions of gaps in competence levels vary among fields of education? Research results reveal disparities in graduates’ perceptions about achieved competence levels and labour market requirements. The study identifies differences among graduates from different fields of education. Results may be useful to educators in all fields of education as guidelines for the introduction of generic and digital competences development in higher education.

1 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The EHEA framework arises the need to revise the university degrees with the aim of facing new challenges in the education training of the new European citizens as discussed by the authors, and the present paper analyses the competences of future primary school teachers in dealing with these challenges.
Abstract: The EHEA framework arises the need to revise the university degrees with the aim of facing new challenges in the education training of the new European citizens. For this purpose, the present paper analyses the competences of future primary school teachers in dealing with

1 citations

01 Jun 2006
TL;DR: In this article, an Intelligent Tutorial System (ITS) designed for learning geometry is presented to improve students' argumentative competence in math classes. But the evaluation strategy of competence is based on relations within the subject-milieu system.
Abstract: Our aim in this paper is to show how students at secondary school level can improve their argumentative competence by means of an Intelligent Tutorial System (ITS) designed for learning geometry. After establishing the theoretical frame for our research, we compare the heuristic and discursive characteristics of some tutorial systems, including the one developed by our research team. Afterwards, we tackle the subject of complementarity between knowledge and competence in math class, and then we present an evaluation strategy of argumentative competence on the basis of relations within the subject-milieu system. Our study includes, particularly, structures of cognitive, semiotic and situational control associated to the development of argumentative competence in an Interactive Environment of Human Learning (IEHL). We also address the specificity of reference knowledge, the decontextualization of learning, the idea of mathematical proof, and the role of didactical agents.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the relationship that must exist between university education and social-labour environment through the evaluation of skills, and present an artículo that manifiesta the relationships that deben existir entre la formación universitaria and el entorno sociolaboral a través of the evaluación de competencias.
Abstract: RESUMEN: El momento de cambio universitario y convergencia europea hace imprescindible la reflexión sobre las relaciones entre la formación y el empleo de los titulados universitarios a través de diversos mecanismos. Uno de ellos, imprescindible para la determinación de los títulos de grado, es la revisión de las competencias y habilidades que son exigidas a nuestros estudiantes desde sus perfiles profesionales futuros. El artículo que se presenta manifiesta las relaciones que deben existir entre la formación universitaria y el entorno sociolaboral a través de la evaluación de competencias. En este caso, son los estudios de Educación (Pedagogía, Psicopedagogía y Educación Social) de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca los que se convierten en el objetivo diagnóstico a través sus alumnos de último curso académico. Se analiza las valoraciones sobre la importancia de las competencias descritas en el proyecto Tuning y su presencia en las disciplinas de los actuales planes de estudio. Este estudio tiene una finalidad descriptiva de la situación actual, al tiempo que prescriptiva, ya que los datos recogidos y la relación entre ellos, ofrecen a los profesores universitarios informaciones válidas, rigurosas y útiles para organizar las asignaturas según la nueva reforma en educación superior. Palabras clave: Educación superior, Competencias, Habilidades. ABSTRACT: The time to change university and European convergence makes reflection on the relationship between training and employment of university graduates through various mechanisms. One of them, essential for determining the degrees, is the revision of the competencies and skills that are required of our students from their future professional profiles. This article shows the relationships that must exist between university education and social-labour environment through the evaluation of skills.

1 citations

01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the Bologna process provides a compelling model to transform information literacy instruction in higher education, arguing that effective and innovative instruction requires that librarians and faculty members work in harmony to achieve the complex and interdependent goals of information literacy.
Abstract: Information literacy is not a solo act. Effective and innovative instruction requires that librarians and faculty members work in harmony to achieve the complex and interdependent goals of information literacy. This position paper argues that Tuning, inspired by the Bologna Process in Europe, provides a compelling model to transform information literacy instruction. In Europe’s first phase of Tuning, university graduates, employers and faculty identified the most important competencies for several disciplines. In the second phase, the focus shifted to the alignment of teaching and learning activities and assessment with the learning goals outlined in phase one.1 In the United States, librarians have defined and codified information literacy (IL) competencies through various standards (e.g. the Association of College and Research Libraries’ Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education and the American Association of School Librarians’ Standards for the 21st Century Learner).2 The Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) also recognizes information literacy as an “essential learning outcome.”3 Many individual disciplines include information literacy as part of their learning goals in accreditation and other professional standards. In some cases, these goals and standards are already somewhat “harmonized” with information literacy learning goals. Librarians and faculty across many disciplines agree that information literacy is an important higher education learning outcome, vital for the acquisition and application of subject knowledge, critical thinking, and lifelong learning. Despite this general agreement, the practice of information literacy instruction is often out of tune on campuses across the United States. Librarians are sometimes marginalized in curricular and pedagogical discussions and often serve in a reactive role. Librarians are still asked by faculty to teach a narrow range of IL skills (mainly search) in limited ways (mainly demonstrations). These demonstrations often fail to further our deeper learning objectives, such as understanding how knowledge gets produced in a discipline, applying information to solve problems, and, to borrow a phrase from Christine Bruce, using information to learn.4 Our big goals are often in sync, but our more immediate goals and pedagogy fail to match. Teaching in higher education, in many cases, has not changed much in the last 20 or even 50 years. Faculty often resist educational reform, including the implementation of new pedagogical approaches and even information literacy, because such reforms are often imposed from above or outside. Information literacy faces stagnation in this environment unless the movement promotes and embraces change in teaching and learning. Tuning provides a way for librarians to engage faculty in local conversations about teaching, learning, and information literacy. These conversations do not rely on library definitions or standards, but actively generate common understanding. The Tuning Process, then, might provide a pow-

1 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The testing movement in the United States has been a success, if one judges success by the usual American criteria of size, influence, and profitability, but what assumptions is the success of the movement based?
Abstract: The testing movement in the United States has been a success, if one judges success by the usual American criteria of size, influence, and profitability. Intelligence and aptitude tests are used nearly everywhere by schools, colleges, and employers. It is a sign of backwardness not to have test scores in the school records of children. The Educational Testing Service alone employs about 2,000 people, annually administers Scholastic Aptitude Tests to thousands of aspirants to college, and makes enough money to support a large basic research operation. Its tests have tremendous power over the lives of young people by stamping some of them "qualified" and others "less qualified" for college work. Until recent "exceptions" were made (over the protest of some), the tests have served as a very efficient device for screening out black, Spanish-speaking, and other minority applicants to colleges. Admissions officers have protested that they take other qualities besides test achievements into account in granting admission, but careful studies by Wing and Wallach (1971) and others have shown that this is true only to a very limited degree. Why should intelligence or aptitude tests have all this power? What justifies the use of such tests in selecting applicants for college entrance or jobs? On what assumptions is the success of the movement based? They deserve careful examination before we go on rather blindly promoting the use of tests as instruments of power over the lives of many Americans.

3,404 citations


"Tuning Educational Structures in Eu..." refers background in this paper

  • ...7 McClelland 1973....

    [...]

  • ..., MCCLELLAND, D.C. y SPENCER, S.M. (1994): Competency Assesment Methods. History and State of the Art. Hay-McBer Research Press, Boston. THOMAS, Edward, (2000). «Increading lifelong learning in European Higher Education: the challenges and the prospects». In F2000 European Higher Education Expert Forum, Brussels, 24-25 January 2000 UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO (2000). internal document about competences. VAN DAMME, Dirk (1999). Internationalization and quality assurance: towards worldwide accreditation? Paper commissioned for the IAUP XIIth Triennial Conference, Brussels. VAN DAMME, Dirk (2001). Higher Education in the age of Globalisation: The need for a new regulatory framework for recognition, quality assurance and accreditation. Introductory Paper for the UNESCO Expert Meeting Paris VAN DEN BERGHE, W. (1997). La calidad de la enseñanza y formación profesional en Europa: cuestiones y tendencias. CEDEFOP, Salónica. VARGAS, F.; CASANOVA, F. y MONTANARO, L. (2001). El enfoque de competencia laboral: manual de formación. Montevideo: Cinterfor. VILLA, Aurelio (2001). Marco pedagógico de la Universidad de Deusto....

    [...]

  • ..., MCCLELLAND, D.C. y SPENCER, S.M. (1994): Competency Assesment Methods. History and State of the Art. Hay-McBer Research Press, Boston. THOMAS, Edward, (2000). «Increading lifelong learning in European Higher Education: the challenges and the prospects»....

    [...]

  • ..., MCCLELLAND, D.C. y SPENCER, S.M. (1994): Competency Assesment Methods. History and State of the Art. Hay-McBer Research Press, Boston. THOMAS, Edward, (2000). «Increading lifelong learning in European Higher Education: the challenges and the prospects». In F2000 European Higher Education Expert Forum, Brussels, 24-25 January 2000 UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO (2000). internal document about competences. VAN DAMME, Dirk (1999). Internationalization and quality assurance: towards worldwide accreditation? Paper commissioned for the IAUP XIIth Triennial Conference, Brussels. VAN DAMME, Dirk (2001). Higher Education in the age of Globalisation: The need for a new regulatory framework for recognition, quality assurance and accreditation. Introductory Paper for the UNESCO Expert Meeting Paris VAN DEN BERGHE, W. (1997). La calidad de la enseñanza y formación profesional en Europa: cuestiones y tendencias. CEDEFOP, Salónica. VARGAS, F.; CASANOVA, F. y MONTANARO, L. (2001). El enfoque de competencia laboral: manual de formación. Montevideo: Cinterfor. VILLA, Aurelio (2001). Marco pedagógico de la Universidad de Deusto. WILLIAMS, Peter (2002). QAA. Council of Universties. Transparency for European Higher Education. Madrid. WRIGHT, P. (1995) Draft paper «Identifying the Notion of Graduateness» HEQC Quality Enhancement Group, London....

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  • ..., MCCLELLAND, D.C. y SPENCER, S.M. (1994): Competency Assesment Methods. History and State of the Art. Hay-McBer Research Press, Boston. THOMAS, Edward, (2000). «Increading lifelong learning in European Higher Education: the challenges and the prospects». In F2000 European Higher Education Expert Forum, Brussels, 24-25 January 2000 UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO (2000). internal document about competences. VAN DAMME, Dirk (1999). Internationalization and quality assurance: towards worldwide accreditation? Paper commissioned for the IAUP XIIth Triennial Conference, Brussels. VAN DAMME, Dirk (2001). Higher Education in the age of Globalisation: The need for a new regulatory framework for recognition, quality assurance and accreditation....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper emphasizes that statistical methods exist which can contribute to an understanding of the extent and possible reasons for differences between institutions and urges caution by discussing the limitations of such methods.
Abstract: SUMMARY In the light of an increasing interest in the accountability of public institutions, this paper sets out the statistical issues involved in making quantitative comparisons between institutions in the areas of health and education. We deal in detail with the need to take account of model-based uncertainty in making comparisons. We discuss the need to establish appropriate measures of institutional 'outcomes' and base-line measures and the need to exercise care and sensitivity when interpreting apparent differences. The paper emphasizes that statistical methods exist which can contribute to an understanding of the extent and possible reasons for differences between institutions. It also urges caution by discussing the limitations of such methods.

1,051 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that (a) cognitive research is not contrived and irrelevant, (b) curriculum level interventions are doomed to fail and (c) education needs more theory‐based research.
Abstract: In a recent review article, Colliver concluded that there was no convincing evidence that problem-based learning was more effective than conventional methods. He then went on to lay part of the blame on cognitive psychology, claiming that 'the theory is weak, its theoretical concepts are imprecise. the basic research is contrived and ad hoc'. This paper challenges these claims and presents evidence that (a) cognitive research is not contrived and irrelevant, (b) curriculum level interventions are doomed to fail and (c) education needs more theory-based research.

723 citations

Book
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Time to Heal as discussed by the authors provides a landmark account of American medical education in the twentieth century, concluding with a call for the reformation of a system currently handicapped by managed care and by narrow, self-centered professional interests.
Abstract: Already the recipient of extraordinary critical acclaim, this magisterial book provides a landmark account of American medical education in the twentieth century, concluding with a call for the reformation of a system currently handicapped by managed care and by narrow, self-centered professional interests. Kenneth M. Ludmerer describes the evolution of American medical education from 1910, when a muck-raking report on medical diploma mills spurred the reform and expansion of medical schools, to the current era of managed care, when commercial interests once more have come to the fore, compromising the training of the nation's future doctors. Ludmerer portrays the experience of learning medicine from the perspective of students, house officers, faculty, administrators, and patients, and he traces the immense impact on academic medical centers of outside factors such as World War II, the National Institutes of Health, private medical insurance, and Medicare and Medicaid. Most notably, the book explores the very real threats to medical education in the current environment of managed care, viewing these developments not as a catastrophe but as a challenge to make many long overdue changes in medical education and medical practice. Panoramic in scope, meticulously researched, brilliantly argued, and engagingly written, Time to Heal is both a stunning work of scholarship and a courageous critique of modern medical education. The definitive book on the subject, it provides an indispensable framework for making informed choices about the future of medical education and health care in America.

534 citations