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Tuning Educational Structures in Europe

J. González, R. Wagenaar
01 Jan 2003-pp 70-96
Abstract: The Bologna Declaration The Bologna Declaration of June 1999 calls for the establishment by 2010 of a coherent, compatible and competitive European Higher Educatio n Area, attractive for European students and for students and scholars from other c ontinents. The European Education Ministers identified six action lines in Bologna an d they have added three more in Prague in May 2001 and one more in Berlin in September 2003:

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Tuning Educational
Structures in Europe
Tuning Educational
Structures in Europe
Informe Final
Fase Uno
Editado por
Julia González
Robert Wagenaar
2003
Universidad de Universidad de
Deusto Groningen
El Proyecto Tuning fue financiado por la Comisión
Europea en el marco del Programa Socrates.
Esta publicación refleja los puntos de vista solo de los
autores, y la Comisión Europea no puede asumir res-
ponsabilidades por ningún uso que se haga de la infor-
mación contenida en el presente libro.
Los editores quieren expresar su gratitud a los Asistentes
del Proyecto Tuning Robert Alcock, Pablo Beneitone, Almu-
dena Garrido e Ingrid van der Meer por su dedicación y
contribución significativa al proyecto. Particularmente,
quieren agradecer a Pablo Beneitone por la coordinación
de la edición de la presente versión en castellano.
Ninguna parte de esta publicación, incluido el diseño
de la cubierta, puede ser reproducida, almacenada o
transmitida en manera alguna ni por ningún medio, ya
sea eléctrico, químico, mecánico, óptico, de grabación
o de fotocopia, sin permiso previo del editor.
Publicación impresa en papel ecológico
© Universidad de Deusto
Apartado 1 - 48080 Bilbao
ISBN: 84-7485-892-5 (obra completa)
ISBN: 84-7485-893-3
Depósito legal: BI - 1.862-03
Impreso en España/Printed in Spain
Fotocomposición: IPAR, S. Coop. - Bilbao
Imprime: RGM, S.A.
Lista de Participantes
Coordinadores Generales
Julia González - Universidad de Deusto (ES)
Robert Wagenaar - Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (NL)
Miembros del Comité de Gestión y de Dirección
Expertos en Educación Superior
Chantal Zoller - Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
Volker Gehmlich - Fachhochschule Osnabrück (DE)
Maria Sticchi-Damiani - Consejero ECTS (IT)
Ann Katherine Isaacs - Università degli Studi di Pisa (IT)
Estela Pereira - Universidade de Aveiro (PT)
Stephen Adam - University of Westminster (UK)
Coordinadores de Area Temática
Peder Ostergaard —Coordinador del Area de Administración y Di-
rección de Empresas— Aarhus School of Business (DK)
Lars Gunnarsson —Coordinador del Area de Ciencias de la Educa-
ción— Göteborg University (SE)
Paul D. Ryan —Coordinador del Area de Geología— National Uni-
versity of Galway (IE)
Jean-Luc Lamboley —Coordinador del Area de Historia— Université
Pierre Mendès France, Grenoble, (FR)
Citations
More filters
Journal Article•
Professional Competences of Graduates as a Labour Market Mechanism for Aligning Business School Curriculum Reform with the Bologna Declaration Principles

[...]

Milan Jurše, Polona Tominc
02 Jun 2008-Management : Journal of Contemporary Management Issues
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the experience of the Faculty of Economics and Business from Maribor (Slovenia), which has transformed its bachelor and master study programmes according to the principles set out in the Bologna Declaration, also is presented and discussed.
Abstract: Higher education institutions in Europe have been recently faced with a rapidly changing external framework for developing new study programmes and their curricula. The main contribution of our paper is to provide a better insight into the skills and competences of business school graduates needed at the labour market, as seen by employers, graduates of business schools, and academics. The paper attempts to enhance our understanding of different aspects of curriculum revision by incorporating professional competences into the early stages of the curriculum development process. In this paper, the experience of the Faculty of Economics and Business from Maribor (Slovenia), which has transformed its bachelor and master study programmes according to the principles set out in the Bologna Declaration, also is presented and discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION Not only business and management schools, but higher education institutions in Europe, in general, have been faced recently with a rapidly changing external framework for developing new study programmes and their curricula. Slovenia joined the European Union in 2004 and Slovenian business schools have already started with the curriculum transformation process based on the principles set by the Bologna Declaration and on changes in Slovenian higher education legislation. The Bologna Process, as part of an emerging European Higher Education Area, has already started to change the higher education framework in Europe through the process of the harmonisation of study structures and qualification systems, increased international student and faculty mobility, internationalization of schools and their study programmes, etc. As a consequence of that process, the competition between business schools will increase. Professional competences and employability of graduates are in the centre of this higher education transformation process. Many higher education institutions in several European countries, especially business schools (also in Slovenia), are in the middle of a comprehensive transition process by aligning their curricula and study programmes with the principles of the Bologna process. They will transform their curricula and teaching approaches from the old, traditional model, based on teacher and lecture oriented modes of teaching, toward more pragmatic and student learning modes that support the development of their professional competences. Therefore, for each of the three study cycles in the new higher education structure, a specific set of competences should be considered and included in the curriculum development, supported by appropriate modes of teaching. In this transition process, the requirements of the labour market should be considered very early in the study programmes and curriculum development in order to provide students with applicable knowledge and to develop their professional competences for an efficient entry into the labour market after their graduation. In a business school's transformation process, the key ideas of the Bologna Declaration and findings of the Tuning project should be considered and then applied in the development process for study programmes, curricula and teaching approaches in order to put the professional competences of its graduates, student knowledge and skills in the centre of the design process. In the process, different relevant entry and graduation points in the formal three-cycle education process should be considered according to the following principle of the Bologna Declaration (See details in: European Ministers of Education, 1999; Conference of Ministers responsible for Higher Education, 2003): * adoption of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees in order to promote the employability of European citizens, increase comparability and compatibility of qualifications, and consequently, increase the competitiveness of the European higher education system; * adoption of a system based on two main cycles: undergraduate and graduate (known as "3+2" and "3+2+3" model of higher education structure, including third doctoral study cycle); * first and second cycle degrees should have different orientations and various profiles in order to accommodate a diversity of individual, academic and labour market needs; * first cycle degrees should give access, in the sense of the Lisbon Recognition Convention, to second cycle programmes and second cycle degrees should give access to doctoral studies; * establishment of a system of credits (e. …

18 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Entrepreneurship Education in Humanities and Social Sciences: are Students Qualified to Start a Business?

[...]

Jose Luis Vazquez-Burgete1, Ana Lanero1, Agota Giedre Raisiene, María Purificación García1•
University of León1
14 Mar 2012-Verslas: Teorija Ir Praktika
TL;DR: In this article, a model of entrepreneurship education based on the European Framework on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning is proposed to analyze the involvement of universities in related actions as perceived by students within Humanities and Social Sciences.
Abstract: Over the last decade, entrepreneurship education has been acknowledged by European governments as a promising way to improve the work insertion of young people and, at the same time, contribute to general purposes of social and economic welfare. Particularly, social entrepreneurship is considered an emerging area of growth which provides the opportunity to make a difference in global community contexts. From this view, this paper proposes a model of entrepreneurship education based on the European Framework on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning to analyze the involvement of universities in related actions as perceived by students within Humanities and Social Sciences. Data was collected from a total sample of 448 students at two Spanish universities. Descriptive analysis was used to examine the development of entrepreneurship-related knowledge, skills and attitudes among students and its implications for labor insertion of future graduates in Humanities and Social contexts. Further conclusions of the study are discussed.

18 citations

Journal Article•
El profesorado y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el proceso de convergencia al espacio europeo de educación superior

[...]

Carmen Alba Pastor
01 Jan 2005-Revista De Educacion
TL;DR: In this paper, a traves de diferentes declaraciones in which se hacen publicos the objetivos y lineas a seguir por los paises participantes.
Abstract: La incorporacion de las universidades al Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior iniciado con la Declaracion de La Sorbona de 1998 ha supuesto un revulsivo para la comunidad universitaria. Este proceso se ha definido a traves de diferentes declaraciones en las que se hacen publicos los objetivos y lineas a seguir por los paises participantes. En este articulo se revisan los objetivos del mismo y el papel que ocupan en el los profesores y las tecnologias de la Informacion y de la Comunicacion (TIC).

18 citations

Transformaciones en la docencia y el aprendizaje del Derecho: ¿la educación jurídica clínica como elemento transformador?

[...]

José García Añón
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: A partir del analisis de las principales transformaciones educativas, juridicas, and sociales, se muestran los elementos de this enfoque en el proceso de formacion de los juristas as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: En el texto se senala el papel transformador que tiene la educacion juridica clinica y el que va a tener frente a las transformaciones actuales del Derecho A partir del analisis de las principales transformaciones educativas, juridicas y sociales: se muestran los elementos de este enfoque en el proceso de formacion de los juristas

18 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Students' perceptions of the lecturer's role in management education: Knowledge acquisition and competence development

[...]

Lidia Hernández-López1, Desiderio Juan García-Almeida1, José Luis Ballesteros-Rodríguez1, Petra De Saá-Pérez1•
University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria1
01 Nov 2016-The International Journal of Management Education
TL;DR: In this article, the lecturer's role in knowledge acquisition and competence development in undergraduate management students is analyzed through students' perceptions of the lecturer ability to build a good relationship and use appropriate teaching methods.

17 citations

References
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
Testing for Competence Rather Than for "Intelligence"

[...]

David C. McClelland1•
Harvard University1
01 Jan 1973-American Psychologist
TL;DR: The testing movement in the United States has been a success, if one judges success by the usual American criteria of size, influence, and profitability, but what assumptions is the success of the movement based?
Abstract: The testing movement in the United States has been a success, if one judges success by the usual American criteria of size, influence, and profitability. Intelligence and aptitude tests are used nearly everywhere by schools, colleges, and employers. It is a sign of backwardness not to have test scores in the school records of children. The Educational Testing Service alone employs about 2,000 people, annually administers Scholastic Aptitude Tests to thousands of aspirants to college, and makes enough money to support a large basic research operation. Its tests have tremendous power over the lives of young people by stamping some of them "qualified" and others "less qualified" for college work. Until recent "exceptions" were made (over the protest of some), the tests have served as a very efficient device for screening out black, Spanish-speaking, and other minority applicants to colleges. Admissions officers have protested that they take other qualities besides test achievements into account in granting admission, but careful studies by Wing and Wallach (1971) and others have shown that this is true only to a very limited degree. Why should intelligence or aptitude tests have all this power? What justifies the use of such tests in selecting applicants for college entrance or jobs? On what assumptions is the success of the movement based? They deserve careful examination before we go on rather blindly promoting the use of tests as instruments of power over the lives of many Americans.

3,404 citations

"Tuning Educational Structures in Eu..." refers background in this paper

  • ...7 McClelland 1973....

    [...]

  • ..., MCCLELLAND, D.C. y SPENCER, S.M. (1994): Competency Assesment Methods. History and State of the Art. Hay-McBer Research Press, Boston. THOMAS, Edward, (2000). «Increading lifelong learning in European Higher Education: the challenges and the prospects». In F2000 European Higher Education Expert Forum, Brussels, 24-25 January 2000 UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO (2000). internal document about competences. VAN DAMME, Dirk (1999). Internationalization and quality assurance: towards worldwide accreditation? Paper commissioned for the IAUP XIIth Triennial Conference, Brussels. VAN DAMME, Dirk (2001). Higher Education in the age of Globalisation: The need for a new regulatory framework for recognition, quality assurance and accreditation. Introductory Paper for the UNESCO Expert Meeting Paris VAN DEN BERGHE, W. (1997). La calidad de la enseñanza y formación profesional en Europa: cuestiones y tendencias. CEDEFOP, Salónica. VARGAS, F.; CASANOVA, F. y MONTANARO, L. (2001). El enfoque de competencia laboral: manual de formación. Montevideo: Cinterfor. VILLA, Aurelio (2001). Marco pedagógico de la Universidad de Deusto....

    [...]

  • ..., MCCLELLAND, D.C. y SPENCER, S.M. (1994): Competency Assesment Methods. History and State of the Art. Hay-McBer Research Press, Boston. THOMAS, Edward, (2000). «Increading lifelong learning in European Higher Education: the challenges and the prospects»....

    [...]

  • ..., MCCLELLAND, D.C. y SPENCER, S.M. (1994): Competency Assesment Methods. History and State of the Art. Hay-McBer Research Press, Boston. THOMAS, Edward, (2000). «Increading lifelong learning in European Higher Education: the challenges and the prospects». In F2000 European Higher Education Expert Forum, Brussels, 24-25 January 2000 UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO (2000). internal document about competences. VAN DAMME, Dirk (1999). Internationalization and quality assurance: towards worldwide accreditation? Paper commissioned for the IAUP XIIth Triennial Conference, Brussels. VAN DAMME, Dirk (2001). Higher Education in the age of Globalisation: The need for a new regulatory framework for recognition, quality assurance and accreditation. Introductory Paper for the UNESCO Expert Meeting Paris VAN DEN BERGHE, W. (1997). La calidad de la enseñanza y formación profesional en Europa: cuestiones y tendencias. CEDEFOP, Salónica. VARGAS, F.; CASANOVA, F. y MONTANARO, L. (2001). El enfoque de competencia laboral: manual de formación. Montevideo: Cinterfor. VILLA, Aurelio (2001). Marco pedagógico de la Universidad de Deusto. WILLIAMS, Peter (2002). QAA. Council of Universties. Transparency for European Higher Education. Madrid. WRIGHT, P. (1995) Draft paper «Identifying the Notion of Graduateness» HEQC Quality Enhancement Group, London....

    [...]

  • ..., MCCLELLAND, D.C. y SPENCER, S.M. (1994): Competency Assesment Methods. History and State of the Art. Hay-McBer Research Press, Boston. THOMAS, Edward, (2000). «Increading lifelong learning in European Higher Education: the challenges and the prospects». In F2000 European Higher Education Expert Forum, Brussels, 24-25 January 2000 UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO (2000). internal document about competences. VAN DAMME, Dirk (1999). Internationalization and quality assurance: towards worldwide accreditation? Paper commissioned for the IAUP XIIth Triennial Conference, Brussels. VAN DAMME, Dirk (2001). Higher Education in the age of Globalisation: The need for a new regulatory framework for recognition, quality assurance and accreditation....

    [...]

Book•
Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

[...]

Abraham Flexner
10 Aug 2009

1,070 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
League Tables and Their Limitations: Statistical Issues in Comparisons of Institutional Performance

[...]

Harvey Goldstein1, David Spiegelhalter2•
Institute of Education1, Medical Research Council2
01 May 1996-Journal of The Royal Statistical Society Series A-statistics in Society
TL;DR: The paper emphasizes that statistical methods exist which can contribute to an understanding of the extent and possible reasons for differences between institutions and urges caution by discussing the limitations of such methods.
Abstract: SUMMARY In the light of an increasing interest in the accountability of public institutions, this paper sets out the statistical issues involved in making quantitative comparisons between institutions in the areas of health and education. We deal in detail with the need to take account of model-based uncertainty in making comparisons. We discuss the need to establish appropriate measures of institutional 'outcomes' and base-line measures and the need to exercise care and sensitivity when interpreting apparent differences. The paper emphasizes that statistical methods exist which can contribute to an understanding of the extent and possible reasons for differences between institutions. It also urges caution by discussing the limitations of such methods.

1,051 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Effectiveness of problem-based learning curricula: theory, practice and paper darts.

[...]

Geoffrey R. Norman1, Henk G. Schmidt1•
McMaster University1
01 Sep 2000-Medical Education
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that (a) cognitive research is not contrived and irrelevant, (b) curriculum level interventions are doomed to fail and (c) education needs more theory‐based research.
Abstract: In a recent review article, Colliver concluded that there was no convincing evidence that problem-based learning was more effective than conventional methods. He then went on to lay part of the blame on cognitive psychology, claiming that 'the theory is weak, its theoretical concepts are imprecise. the basic research is contrived and ad hoc'. This paper challenges these claims and presents evidence that (a) cognitive research is not contrived and irrelevant, (b) curriculum level interventions are doomed to fail and (c) education needs more theory-based research.

723 citations

Book•
Time to Heal: American Medical Education from the Turn of the Century to the Era of Managed Care

[...]

Kenneth M. Ludmerer
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Time to Heal as discussed by the authors provides a landmark account of American medical education in the twentieth century, concluding with a call for the reformation of a system currently handicapped by managed care and by narrow, self-centered professional interests.
Abstract: Already the recipient of extraordinary critical acclaim, this magisterial book provides a landmark account of American medical education in the twentieth century, concluding with a call for the reformation of a system currently handicapped by managed care and by narrow, self-centered professional interests. Kenneth M. Ludmerer describes the evolution of American medical education from 1910, when a muck-raking report on medical diploma mills spurred the reform and expansion of medical schools, to the current era of managed care, when commercial interests once more have come to the fore, compromising the training of the nation's future doctors. Ludmerer portrays the experience of learning medicine from the perspective of students, house officers, faculty, administrators, and patients, and he traces the immense impact on academic medical centers of outside factors such as World War II, the National Institutes of Health, private medical insurance, and Medicare and Medicaid. Most notably, the book explores the very real threats to medical education in the current environment of managed care, viewing these developments not as a catastrophe but as a challenge to make many long overdue changes in medical education and medical practice. Panoramic in scope, meticulously researched, brilliantly argued, and engagingly written, Time to Heal is both a stunning work of scholarship and a courageous critique of modern medical education. The definitive book on the subject, it provides an indispensable framework for making informed choices about the future of medical education and health care in America.

534 citations

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