Tuning of barrier crossing time of a particle by time dependent magnetic field
27 Jun 2013-Journal of Chemical Physics (American Institute of Physics)-Vol. 138, Iss: 24, pp 244110
TL;DR: The barrier crossing time of a particle can be tuned para-metrically by appropriate choice of amplitude and frequency of the oscillating magnetic field by virtue of parametric resonance.
Abstract: We have studied the effect of time dependent magnetic field on the barrier crossing dynamics of a charged particle. An interplay of the magnetic field induced electric field and the applied field reveals several interesting features. For slowly oscillating field the barrier crossing rate increases remarkably particularly at large amplitude of the field. For appreciably large frequency a generically distinct phenomenon appears by virtue of parametric resonance manifested in multiple peaks appearing in the variation of the mean first passage time as a function of the amplitude. The parametric resonance is more robust against the variation of amplitude of the oscillating field compared to the case of variation of frequency. The barrier crossing time of a particle can be tuned para-metrically by appropriate choice of amplitude and frequency of the oscillating magnetic field.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that resonant activation (RA) is possible even in a thermodynamically closed system where the particle experiences a random force and a spatio-temporal frictional coefficient from the thermal bath.
Abstract: In this paper, we have demonstrated that resonant activation (RA) is possible even in a thermodynamically closed system where the particle experiences a random force and a spatio-temporal frictional coefficient from the thermal bath. For this stochastic process, we have observed a hallmark of RA phenomena in terms of a turnover behavior of the barrier-crossing rate as a function of noise correlation time at a fixed noise variance. Variance can be fixed either by changing temperature or damping strength as a function of noise correlation time. Our another observation is that the barrier crossing rate passes through a maximum with increase in coupling strength of the multiplicative noise. If the damping strength is appreciably large, then the maximum may disappear. Finally, we compare simulation results with the analytical calculation. It shows that there is a good agreement between analytical and numerical results.
15 citations
TL;DR: The Fokker-Planck equation is proposed in a simple way for a Langevin equation of motion having ordinary derivative (OD), the Gaussian random force and a generalized frictional memory kernel and extended for a charged Brownian particle in the presence of a magnetic field.
Abstract: In the present study, we have proposed the Fokker-Planck equation in a simple way for a Langevin equation of motion having ordinary derivative (OD), the Gaussian random force and a generalized frictional memory kernel. The equation may be associated with or without conservative force field from harmonic potential. We extend this method for a charged Brownian particle in the presence of a magnetic field. Thus, the present method is applicable for a Langevin equation of motion with OD, the Gaussian colored thermal noise and any kind of linear force field that may be conservative or not. It is also simple to apply this method for the colored Gaussian noise that is not related to the damping strength.
14 citations
TL;DR: Properties of an external colored cross-correlated noise-driven Brownian system which is coupled to a thermal bath are presented and it is observed that multiplicative coloredCrosscorrelated noises can induce the resonant activation phenomenon.
Abstract: In this paper we present properties of an external colored cross-correlated noise-driven Brownian system which is coupled to a thermal bath. Multiplicative cross-correlated noises can stabilize the transition state. Thus by monitoring the interference between the noises one can understand the mechanism of a chemical reaction. At the same time, we have investigated how the interference affects the barrier-crossing dynamics. In its presence breakdown of the Arrhenius result occurs. The breakdown becomes prominent if the multiplicative noises become additive in nature. We have also investigated how the power law behavior of the rate constant as a function of damping strength is affected by the properties of external colored noises. Furthermore, we have observed that multiplicative colored cross-correlated noises can induce the resonant activation phenomenon.
11 citations
TL;DR: An observation is that the random magnetic field can induce the resonant activation phenomenon and break down of the Arrhenius result and disappearance of the Kramers' turn over phenomenon may occur in the presence of a fluctuating magnetic field.
Abstract: In this paper, we have studied the properties of a Brownian particle at stationary state in the presence of a fluctuating magnetic field. Time dependence of the field makes the system thermodynamically open. As a signature of that the steady state distribution function becomes function of damping strength, intensity of fluctuations and constant parts of the applied magnetic field. It also depends on the correlation time of the fluctuating magnetic field. Our another observation is that the random magnetic field can induce the resonant activation phenomenon. Here correlation time is increased under the fixed variance of the fluctuating field. But if the correlation time (τ) increases under the fixed field strength then the mean first passage time rapidly grows at low τ and it almost converges at other limit. This is sharp contrast to the usual colored noise driven open system case where the mean first passage time diverges exponentially. We have also observed that a giant enhancement of barrier crossing rate occurs particularly at large strength of constant parts of the applied magnetic field even for very weak fluctuating magnetic field. Finally, break down of the Arrhenius result and disappearance of the Kramers’ turn over phenomenon may occur in the presence of a fluctuating magnetic field.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of a Brownian particle coupled to a thermal bath in the presence of a fluctuating magnetic field (FMF) were presented. But the authors did not consider the effect of the FMF on the temperature of the thermal bath.
Abstract: In this paper we have presented the dynamics of a Brownian particle which is coupled to a thermal bath in the presence of a fluctuating magnetic field (FMF). By virtue of the FMF the Brownian particle experiences a time dependent damping strength for the x − direction motion even in the presence of a stationary Markovian thermal bath. There is a transition state along this direction. The time dependent damping strength leads to appear a bi-turnover phenomenon in the variation of the barrier crossing rate as a function of the thermal bath induced damping strength. It is a generic signature of the fluctuating magnetic field.
4 citations
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TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
Abstract: Technological improvements in rechargeable solid-state batteries are being driven by an ever-increasing demand for portable electronic devices. Lithium-ion batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible and lightweight design, and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. We present a brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries, highlight ongoing research strategies, and discuss the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems.
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TL;DR: In this article, a particle which is caught in a potential hole and which, through the shuttling action of Brownian motion, can escape over a potential barrier yields a suitable model for elucidating the applicability of the transition state method for calculating the rate of chemical reactions.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report, extend, and interpret much of our current understanding relating to theories of noise-activated escape, for which many of the notable contributions are originating from the communities both of physics and of physical chemistry.
Abstract: The calculation of rate coefficients is a discipline of nonlinear science of importance to much of physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology. Fifty years after Kramers' seminal paper on thermally activated barrier crossing, the authors report, extend, and interpret much of our current understanding relating to theories of noise-activated escape, for which many of the notable contributions are originating from the communities both of physics and of physical chemistry. Theoretical as well as numerical approaches are discussed for single- and many-dimensional metastable systems (including fields) in gases and condensed phases. The role of many-dimensional transition-state theory is contrasted with Kramers' reaction-rate theory for moderate-to-strong friction; the authors emphasize the physical situation and the close connection between unimolecular rate theory and Kramers' work for weakly damped systems. The rate theory accounting for memory friction is presented, together with a unifying theoretical approach which covers the whole regime of weak-to-moderate-to-strong friction on the same basis (turnover theory). The peculiarities of noise-activated escape in a variety of physically different metastable potential configurations is elucidated in terms of the mean-first-passage-time technique. Moreover, the role and the complexity of escape in driven systems exhibiting possibly multiple, metastable stationary nonequilibrium states is identified. At lower temperatures, quantum tunneling effects start to dominate the rate mechanism. The early quantum approaches as well as the latest quantum versions of Kramers' theory are discussed, thereby providing a description of dissipative escape events at all temperatures. In addition, an attempt is made to discuss prominent experimental work as it relates to Kramers' reaction-rate theory and to indicate the most important areas for future research in theory and experiment.
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