Two novel stilbene phytoalexins from Arachis hypogaea
TL;DR: Three phytoalexins were isolated from groundnut seeds which had been sliced and incubated for 48 hours at 25† as mentioned in this paper, and two were novel isoprenylated stilbene derivatives.
About: This article is published in Phytochemistry.The article was published on 1981-01-01. It has received 70 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Arachis hypogaea.
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TL;DR: Results suggest that reservatrol is more important for the regulation of the Plasmopara viticola -grapevine interaction than e-viniferin and that phytoalexin response of the host was dependent on inoculum density.
191 citations
TL;DR: Mature peanuts possessed additional resistance to contamination that could not be attributed solely to phytoalexin production, and data indicated that the higher soil temperature also favored growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus in peanuts susceptible to contamination.
Abstract: Samples of Florunner peanuts were collected throughout a period of late-season drought stress with mean geocarposphere temperatures of 29 and 25 °C, and determinations of maturity, kernel water activity (aw), percent moisture, capacity for phytoalexin production, and aflatoxin contamination were made. Results showed an association between the loss of the capacity of kernels to produce phytoalexins and the appearance of aflatoxin contamination. Kernel aw appeared to be the most important factor controlling the capacity of kernels to produce phytoalexins. Mature peanuts possessed additional resistance to contamination that could not be attributed solely to phytoalexin production. Kernel moisture loss was accelerated in the 29 °C treatment compared to the 25 °C treatment, and data indicated that the higher soil temperature also favored growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus in peanuts susceptible to contamination.
155 citations
Cites background from "Two novel stilbene phytoalexins fro..."
...from those stilbene phytoaiexins previously reported from peanuts [1, 15-17]....
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins represent major components of resistance to C. sublineolum in sorghum.
151 citations
TL;DR: Antibodies raised against stilbene synthase were shown to be monospecific and not to cross-react with chalcone synthase, and the enzyme was extracted and purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite.
147 citations
TL;DR: Transveratrol's absorption, bioavailability, and major health benefits; processes to enhance their biosynthesis in peanuts by biotic and abiotic stresses; process optimization for enhanced levels in peanuts and their potential food applications; and methods used for its extraction and analysis are discussed.
Abstract: Peanuts are important dietary food source of resveratrol with potent antioxidant properties implicated in reducing risk of cancer, cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease, and delaying aging. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene phytoalexin phenolic compound produced in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper is a review of trans-resveratrol and related stilbenes from peanuts—their chemical structures, mechanisms for their biosynthesis, and concentrations in comparison with other major food sources. It will also discuss trans-resveratrol's absorption, bioavailability, and major health benefits; processes to enhance their biosynthesis in peanuts by biotic and abiotic stresses; process optimization for enhanced levels in peanuts and their potential food applications; and methods used for its extraction and analysis.
125 citations
Cites background or methods from "Two novel stilbene phytoalexins fro..."
...In peanut kernels, as high as 3690 μg/g of a resveratrol derivative, 4-(3-methyl-but-1-enyl)-3,5,4′-trihydroxystlbene trans-resveratrol, was accumulated when imbibed peanuts were sliced and incubated for 48 hours in the dark at 25◦C allowing natural microflora to grow (Aguamah et al., 1981)....
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...…material with microorganisms such as molds (Keen, 1975) and yeast (Chung et al., 2003), whereas abiotic stresses include physical methods like wounding through slicing (Aguamah et al., 1981), chopping or grinding (Rudolf and Resurreccion, 2005), exposure to UV (Langcake and Pryce, 1977; Rudolf and...
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...Ethanol of varying concentrations has been used by a majority researchers for the extraction of resveratrol from different samples of peanuts and peanut plant materials including 95% (Aguamah et al., 1981; Arora and Strange, 1991) and 80% (Sanders et al....
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...from sliced fully imbibed peanut kernels when natural microfloras were allowed to grow on them (Aguamah et al., 1981)....
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..., 2003), whereas abiotic stresses include physical methods like wounding through slicing (Aguamah et al., 1981), chopping or grinding (Rudolf and Resurreccion, 2005), exposure to UV (Langcake and Pryce, 1977; Rudolf and...
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References
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TL;DR: Trans -resveratrol (4,3′,5′-trihydroxy stilbene) has been identified as the major component responsible for the blue fluorescence of grapevine leaf tissue following fungal infection or exposure to ultraviolet light.
Abstract: Trans -resveratrol (4,3′,5′-trihydroxy stilbene) has been identified as the major component responsible for the blue fluorescence of grapevine leaf tissue following fungal infection or exposure to ultraviolet light. The biosynthesis of this compound appears to be a non-specific response of members of the Vitaceae to infection or injury. The compound is not detectable in healthy leaves but accumulates to between 50 and 400 μg/g fresh weight in infected or u.v.-irradiated leaves and is a major constituent ( c. 700 μg/g) of lignified stem tissue. The biological significance of the production of resveratrol is discussed.
851 citations
TL;DR: A novel phytoalexins isolated from grapevine leaves are oligomeric forms of the trihydroxy stilbene resveratrol, which co-occurs with these compounds, and their characterization as a resver atrol dimer is described.
Abstract: Novel phytoalexins which have been isolated from grapevine leaves are oligomeric forms of the trihydroxy stilbene resveratrol, which co-occurs with these compounds. The characterization of one of these phytoalexins as a resveratrol dimer, designated e-viniferin, is described as well as a model for its biosynthesis from resveratrol.
451 citations
TL;DR: The results of feeding radiolabelled precursors are consistent with the proposal that resveratrol, in common with other plant stilbenes, is biosynthesised by the phenylalanine-polymalonate pathway.
281 citations
TL;DR: Cis and trans-resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) have been isolated from the infected hypocotyls of Arachis hypogaea and implicated as phytoalexins.
161 citations
TL;DR: The use of virus-infected tissue as a source of new phytoalexins, the role of these compounds in disease resistance and their possible importance in explaining virus-induced resistance to fungal pathogens are discussed.
Abstract: Etiolated bean hypocotyls underwent necrosis and cellular browning following infection by tobacco necrosis virus. This was accompanied by the production of many phenolic compounds, some of which were shown to be highly antifungal in assays of fungal growth on thin-layer plates. Four compounds, phaseollin, phaseollidin, phaseollinisoflavan and kievitone, were isolated and identified. Their minimum lethal doses towards spore germination of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were 2, 2, 2 and 20 μg/ml respectively. In addition, following their isolation in high yield from virus-infected tissue, they were also demonstrated in tissue infected with C. lindemuthianum. They have thus been referred to as phytoalexins. The use of virus-infected tissue as a source of new phytoalexins, the role of these compounds in disease resistance and their possible importance in explaining virus-induced resistance to fungal pathogens are discussed.
127 citations