Two-photon imaging with thermal light.
TL;DR: The first experimental demonstration of thermal "ghost" imaging is reported, where a two-photon Gaussian thin lens equation is observed and differences and similarities to entangled " ghost" imaging are discussed.
Abstract: We report the first experimental demonstration of two-photon imaging with a pseudothermal source. Similarly to the case of entangled states, a two-photon Gaussian thin lens equation is observed, indicating EPR type correlation in position. We introduce the concepts of two-photon coherent and two-photon incoherent imaging. The differences between the entangled and the thermal cases are explained in terms of these concepts.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a computational ghost-imaging arrangement that uses only a single-pixel detector, which affords background-free imagery in the narrow-band limit and a three-dimensional sectioning capability.
Abstract: Ghost-imaging experiments correlate the outputs from two photodetectors: a high spatial-resolution (scanning pinhole or charge-coupled-device camera) detector that measures a field which has not interacted with the object to be imaged and a bucket (single-pixel) detector that collects a field that has interacted with the object. We describe a computational ghost-imaging arrangement that uses only a single-pixel detector. This configuration affords background-free imagery in the narrow-band limit and a three-dimensional sectioning capability. It clearly indicates the classical nature of ghost-image formation.
1,040 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an advanced image reconstruction algorithm for pseudothermal ghost imaging, based on compressed sensing, is presented. But the algorithm is limited to pseudothermal images and cannot be applied to images taken from other pseudothermal imaging experiments.
Abstract: We describe an advanced image reconstruction algorithm for pseudothermal ghost imaging, reducing the number of measurements required for image recovery by an order of magnitude. The algorithm is based on compressed sensing, a technique that enables the reconstruction of an N-pixel image from much less than N measurements. We demonstrate the algorithm using experimental data from a pseudothermal ghost-imaging setup. The algorithm can be applied to data taken from past pseudothermal ghost-imaging experiments, improving the reconstruction’s quality.
793 citations
TL;DR: A computational imaging method is used to reconstruct a three-dimensional scene, without the need for lenses, and this simplified approach to 3D imaging can readily be extended to nonvisible wavebands.
Abstract: Computational imaging enables retrieval of the spatial information of an object with the use of single-pixel detectors. By projecting a series of known random patterns and measuring the backscattered intensity, it is possible to reconstruct a two-dimensional (2D) image. We used several single-pixel detectors in different locations to capture the 3D form of an object. From each detector we derived a 2D image that appeared to be illuminated from a different direction, even though only a single digital projector was used for illumination. From the shading of the images, the surface gradients could be derived and the 3D object reconstructed. We compare our result to that obtained from a stereophotogrammetric system using multiple cameras. Our simplified approach to 3D imaging can readily be extended to nonvisible wavebands.
691 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sub-shot-noise imaging using spatial quantum correlations between parametric down-conversion light beams is demonstrated, which exhibits a larger signal-tonoise ratio than is possible through classical imaging methods.
Abstract: Sub-shot-noise imaging using spatial quantum correlations between parametric down-conversion light beams is demonstrated. The scheme exhibits a larger signal-to-noise ratio than is possible through classical imaging methods.
591 citations
20 Aug 2019
TL;DR: This paper relates the deep-learning-inspired solutions to the original computational imaging formulation and use the relationship to derive design insights, principles, and caveats of more general applicability, and explores how the machine learning process is aided by the physics of imaging when ill posedness and uncertainties become particularly severe.
Abstract: Since their inception in the 1930–1960s, the research disciplines of computational imaging and machine learning have followed parallel tracks and, during the last two decades, experienced explosive growth drawing on similar progress in mathematical optimization and computing hardware. While these developments have always been to the benefit of image interpretation and machine vision, only recently has it become evident that machine learning architectures, and deep neural networks in particular, can be effective for computational image formation, aside from interpretation. The deep learning approach has proven to be especially attractive when the measurement is noisy and the measurement operator ill posed or uncertain. Examples reviewed here are: super-resolution; lensless retrieval of phase and complex amplitude from intensity; photon-limited scenes, including ghost imaging; and imaging through scatter. In this paper, we cast these works in a common framework. We relate the deep-learning-inspired solutions to the original computational imaging formulation and use the relationship to derive design insights, principles, and caveats of more general applicability. We also explore how the machine learning process is aided by the physics of imaging when ill posedness and uncertainties become particularly severe. It is hoped that the present unifying exposition will stimulate further progress in this promising field of research.
473 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a two-photon optical imaging experiment was performed based on the quantum nature of the signal and idler photon pairs produced in spontaneous parametric down-conversion, where an aperture placed in front of a fixed detector is illuminated by the signal beam through a convex lens.
Abstract: A two-photon optical imaging experiment was performed based on the quantum nature of the signal and idler photon pairs produced in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. An aperture placed in front of a fixed detector is illuminated by the signal beam through a convex lens. A sharp magnified image of the aperture is found in the coincidence counting rate when a mobile detector is scanned in the transverse plane of the idler beam at a specific distance in relation to the lens.
1,651 citations
TL;DR: It is found that any kind of coincidence imaging technique which uses a "bucket" detector in the test arm is incapable of imaging phase-only objects, whether a classical or quantum source is employed.
Abstract: Coincidence imaging is a technique that extracts an image of a test system from the statistics of photons transmitted by a reference system when the two systems are illuminated by a source possessing appropriate correlations. It has recently been argued that quantum entangled sources are necessary for the implementation of this technique. We show that this technique does not require entanglement, and we provide an experimental demonstration of coincidence imaging using a classical source. We further find that any kind of coincidence imaging technique which uses a "bucket" detector in the test arm is incapable of imaging phase-only objects, whether a classical or quantum source is employed.
811 citations
TL;DR: A proposal to realize lensless Fourier-transform imaging is given, and its applicability in x-ray diffraction is discussed, and a particular aspect of coincidence imaging with incoherent sources is studied.
Abstract: Entangled-photon coincidence imaging is a method to nonlocally image an object by transmitting a pair of entangled photons through the object and a reference optical system, respectively. The image of the object can be extracted from the coincidence rate of these two photons. From a classical perspective, the image is proportional to the fourth-order correlation function of the wave field. Using classical statistical optics, we study a particular aspect of coincidence imaging with incoherent sources. As an application, we give a proposal to realize lensless Fourier-transform imaging, and discuss its applicability in x-ray diffraction.
399 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an introduction to quantum optics for experimental physicists and for college students who have studied quantum mechanics, focusing on multimode fields with correlating different-frequency modes.
Abstract: This book provides an introduction to quantum optics for experimental physicists and for college students who have studied quantum mechanics. Its distinguishing feature is its emphasis on multimode fields with correlating different-frequency modes, notably on their phenomenological description and on the practical methods of generating them. The phenomena described in this book provide an opportunity to study nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics and to master many important concepts of theoretical physics.
376 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasithermal, quasmonochromatic lamp is described which serves as a highly degenerate light source with adjustable coherence time between 10−5 sec and 1 sec.
Abstract: A quasithermal, quasmonochromatic lamp is described which serves as a highly degenerate light source with adjustable coherence time between 10−5 sec and 1 sec. This lamp is used for several demonstration experiments concerning the relations between coherence and fluctuations: The intensity interferometer of Hanbury Brown and Twiss is applied to measure the correlations between intensity fluctuations. The double slit experiment of Young serves to stress the role of fluctuations for classical interferometry. Interference patterns from two independent quasithermal lamps are presented.
340 citations