Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from an artesian well in Texas, USA
TL;DR: The discovery of this species from a deep artesian well contributes important information to the understanding of groundwater species diversity in a biologically diverse aquifer where the ostracod fauna has been unstudied.
Abstract: We describe a new genus, Ufocandona gen. nov. with its type species Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. nov., from an artesian well in San Marcos, Texas, USA. The new genus has diagnostic characteristics that distinguish it from other genera in Candonidae, including the asymmetric shape of the valves, the smooth central area on the external surface of the valves, the hexagonal ornamentations around the marginal ends of the carapace, the dense spines on the marginal edges of the right valve and the dorsal prolongation and tubercles seen from inside the ventral edges of the left valve. Additional differences in the soft body parts of the male and female (e.g., claw-like uropod, shape of hemipenis, long Y aesthetascs, two short or reduced exopods on antenna, reduced numbers of setae and segments on other extremities) distinguish the new genus from others in the family. The discovery of this species from a deep artesian well contributes important information to our understanding of groundwater species diversity in a biologically diverse aquifer where the ostracod fauna has been unstudied.
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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize the diversity of subterranean-obligate invertebrates and vertebrates that occur in the 48 contiguous United States as well as Hawaii, Alaska, and Canada.
Abstract: We summarize the diversity of subterranean-obligate invertebrates and vertebrates that occur in the 48 contiguous United States as well as Hawaii, Alaska, and Canada. These species are found almost exclusively in caves and other subterranean habitats and exhibit some degree of troglomorphy. While a large proportion of the 884 troglobiotic and 469 stygobiotic described species in the United States and Canada are concentrated in 10 biogeographic karst regions, significant diversity exists in other karst and also nonkarst terrain, and new biogeographic regions may be recognized in the future. This diversity includes 5 phyla, 15 classes, 51 orders, 124 families, and 288 genera. Nearly 150 new species have been described since 2008 and many additional taxa await formal description. More than 70% of troglobiont and stygobionts in the United States and Canada are of conservation concern and at an elevated risk of extinction.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize 125 years of biological investigation at the San Marcos Artesian Well (SMAW), the best studied and most biodiverse groundwater site (55 stygobiont taxa: 39 described and 16 undescribed) within the Edwards Aquifer Groundwater Ecosystem.
Abstract: The Edwards Aquifer and related Edwards-Trinity Aquifer of Central Texas, USA, is a global hotspot of stygobiont biodiversity. We summarize 125 years of biological investigation at the San Marcos Artesian Well (SMAW), the best studied and most biodiverse groundwater site (55 stygobiont taxa: 39 described and 16 undescribed) within the Edwards Aquifer Groundwater Ecosystem. Cluster analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) incorporating temporally derived, distance-based Moran’s Eigenvector Mapping (dbMem) illustrate temporal dynamics in community composition in 85 high-frequency samples from the SMAW. Although hydraulic variability related to precipitation and discharge partially explained changes in community composition at the SMAW, a large amount of temporal autocorrelation between samples remains unexplained. We summarize potential mechanisms by which hydraulic changes can affect community structure in deep, phreatic karst aquifers. We also compile information on 12 other Edwards and Edwards-Trinity Aquifer sites with 10 or more documented stygobionts and used distance-based RDA to assess the relative influences of distance and site type on three measures of β-diversity. Distance between sites was the most important predictor of total dissimilarity and replacement, although site type was also important. Species richness difference was not predicted by either distance or site type.
10 citations
TL;DR: The collection includes seven species from four families, including Caecidoteareddelli and Crangonyxnr.pseudogracilis, which are new records for Hays County and Travis county, respectively.
Abstract: We report new occurrence records for stygobiontic invertebrates from the Edwards and Trinity aquifers in Blanco, Hays, and Travis counties of central Texas, USA. Our collection includes seven species from four families: Caecidoteareddelli (Steeves, 1968), Asellidae; Crangonyxnr.pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958, Stygobromusbalconis (Hubricht, 1943), Stygobromusbifurcatus (Holsinger, 1967), and Stygobromusrusselli (Holsinger, 1967), Crangonyctidae; Sphalloplanamohri Hyman, 1938, Kenkiidae; and Cirolanides sp., Cirolanidae. Specimens of Caecidoteareddelli and Crangonyxnr.pseudogracilis are new records for Hays County and Travis county, respectively. Specimens of an undescribed species of Cirolanides were collected from a well in Hays County and from two localities in Travis County.
4 citations
Cites background from "Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. n..."
...…in the world, home to at least 68 described species of endemic groundwater-obligate (stygobiontic) invertebrate species (Hershler and Longley 1986, Bowles and Arsuffi 1993, Hutchins 2018, Külköylüoğlu et al. 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, Camacho et al. 2018, Külköylüoğlu 2018, Külköylüoğlu and Gibson 2018)....
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TL;DR: Phylogenies based on cytochrome oxidase 1 and large ribosomal subunit 28S show that divergent morphologies correspond to reciprocally monophyletic groups for both nuclear and mitochondrial datasets.
Abstract: Cirolanides wassenichae sp. nov., is described from the phreatic zone of the Edwards Aquifer, Texas, USA where it is sympatric with Cirolanides texensis Benedict, 1896. Its status as a new species is based on both morphological and molecular data. Number of antennula articles (3–5 vs 9–15), size (mean sizes of 9.5 and 8.8 mm vs 11.1 and 10.4 mm for males and females, respectively), morphology of pereopods 1–3 (haptorial to semi-haptorial in 1–3 vs only 1 haptorial), and shape of pleotelson (squared, slightly indented vs rounded) are key morphological characteristics that distinguish C. wassenichae sp. nov. from C. texensis. Phylogenies based on cytochrome oxidase 1 and large ribosomal subunit 28S show that divergent morphologies correspond to reciprocally monophyletic groups for both nuclear and mitochondrial datasets. The genus Cirolanides is in need of revision, as our description of C. wassenichae sp. nov. renders C. texensis paraphyletic.
2 citations
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analyses revealed a complex pattern of relationships and a noteworthy incongruence with the currently used taxonomic system, but revealed a handful of salient points on the evolution of Candoninae that deserve further investigation.
Abstract:
The subfamily Candoninae Kaufmann, 1900a is one of the most taxonomically difficult and species-rich lineages of non-marine Ostracoda. It is widely distributed, inhabiting all kinds of surface and subterranean waters, but its taxonomy remains unclear and generic relationships ambiguous due to a number of homoplasies. To verify the morphology-based taxonomy and monophyly of the European morphogenera of Candoninae we propose the analysis of the mitochondrial fragment encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). We investigated 75 individuals of 25 species representing eight of 13 extant genera of Candoninae known from Europe. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a complex pattern of relationships and a noteworthy incongruence with the currently used taxonomic system. The monophyletic status of the morphogenera CandonaBaird, 1845, FabaeformiscandonaKrstić, 1972, and PseudocandonaKaufmann, 1900a appeared questionable, but instead monophyly of some species groups distinguished morphologically within these genera seemed to be confirmed in our study. The phylogenetic position of some other morphogenera remained unresolved. Our analysis, focusing on well-supported nodes, nevertheless revealed a handful of salient points on the evolution of Candoninae that deserve further investigation.
1 citations
References
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01 Apr 2019
TL;DR: The Biology of Caves and other Subterranean Habitats offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to cave ecology and evolution and more than 650 references, 150 of which are new since the first edition, provide many entry points to the research literature.
Abstract: Caves and other subterranean habitats with their often strange (even bizarre) inhabitants have long been objects of fascination, curiosity, and debate. The question of how such organisms have evolved, and the relative roles of natural selection and genetic drift, has engaged subterranean biologists for decades. Indeed, these studies continue to inform the general theory of adaptation and evolution. Subterranean ecosystems generally exhibit little or no primary productivity and, as extreme ecosystems, provide general insights into ecosystem function. The Biology of Caves and other Subterranean Habitats offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to cave ecology and evolution. Whilst there is an emphasis on biological processes occurring in these unique environments, conservation and management aspects are also considered. The monograph includes a global range of examples from more than 25 countries, and case studies from both caves and non-cave subterranean habitats; it also provides a clear explanation of specialized terms used by speleologists. This accessible text will appeal to researchers new to the field and to the many professional ecologists and conservation practitioners requiring a concise but authoritative overview. Its engaging style will also make it suitable for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in cave and subterranean biology. Its more than 650 references, 150 of which are new since the first edition, provide many entry points to the research literature.
549 citations
"Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. n..." refers background in this paper
...Indeed, studies have shown that artesian wells can harbor endemic and rare species (Krömmelbein 1975; Holsinger & Longley 1980; Ponder 2004; Külköylüoğlu 2009) and represent some of the most biodiverse groundwater sites on Earth (Culver & Pipan 2009)....
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..., making the San Marcos artesian well one of the most biologically diverse groundwater sites on Earth (Holsinger & Longley 1980; Culver & Pipan 2009)....
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Book•
26 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Vividly portraying the freshwater ostracods, this comprehensive reference work gathers the knowledge gained during some 250 years, but which to date has remained scattered throughout the literature.
Abstract: © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. All rights are reserved. Their story began 500 million years ago, but we only started to get to know them in 1746, when Linne described the first ostracod species. Vividly portraying the freshwater ostracods, this comprehensive reference work gathers the knowledge gained during some 250 years, but which to date has remained scattered throughout the literature. It starts with an introduction to the class Ostracoda with a special focus on freshwater ostracods and highlights practical methods in their study. The systematic part includes an introduction to all families; identification keys for all subfamilies, genera and species; diagnoses for each subfamily and genus; and lists of synonyms and distribution of species. The text is richly illustrated with distribution maps, line drawings of key generic characteristics, and numerous SEM photographs. Serving as an excellent starting point for all further research on freshwater ostracods, it can be widely used not only by ostracodologists, but also by crustaceologists, evolutionists and ecologists.
188 citations
"Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. n..." refers background in this paper
...Descriptions of the chaetotaxy of the limbs and the taxonomic status of the genus primarily follow Broodbakker & Danielopol (1982), Martens (1987), Meisch (2000) and Karanovic (2005a, 2005b, 2012, 2013)....
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...…possess an exopod with one long and two short setae, exceptions being an exopod on A2 with 1 minute seta in, e.g., Danielocandona Broodbakker, 1983, or with 3 minute setae in, e.g., Trajancandona Karanovic, 1999, Leicacandona Karanovic, 2007 (see Karanovic 2012) and Undulacandona Smith, 2011....
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...The A1 in Ufocandona gen. nov. is 8-segmented, but in other members of the tribe the number of segments on A1 are 7 or less (Karanovic 2005a, 2005b, 2005c, 2012)....
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...…Külköylüoğlu et al. 2011) and/or transformed into bristles in the males of some other genera (e.g., Candonopsis (Abcandonopsis) Karanovic, 2004; Acandona Karanovic, 2003 (Karanovic 2003b, 2007, 2012); Indocandona (Gupta 1984; Karanovic & Ranga Reddy 2008); Undulacandona (Smith & Kamiya 2015))....
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01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: The need for better and more systematic descriptions of the chaetotaxy (especially data concerning the shape, structure and pattern of distribution of the setae) is emphasized and it is emphasized that the functional morphology of most of theSetae can be better understood when the whole organ is studied of which thesetae are only a component.
Abstract: The need for better and more systematic descriptions of the chaetotaxy (especially data concerning the shape, structure and pattern of distribution of the setae) is emphasized. The historical developments of studies in chaetotaxy are reviewed. Two basic types of cuticular processes can be recognized: setae and pseudochaetae. The former have sensorial and mechanical functions, the latter only a mechanical function. A special type of seta is the aesthetasc or the chemosensorial receptor. Using the shape and structure of the setae, most of them can be classified in the following categories: simple, plumed, serrate and chelate. The importance of developmental studies for the establishment of homologies in chaetotaxy is stressed. Examples of functional morphology of setae are discussed. It is emphasized that the functional morphology of most of the setae can be better understood when the whole organ is studied of which the setae are only a component. Not all the setae have an adaptive significance. A descriptive model of the chaetotaxy of cypridacean ostracods is presented. The different characteristics of the setae as well as their position on the limbs are coded by letters and numerals using simple formulae.
140 citations
"Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. n..." refers background in this paper
...Descriptions of the chaetotaxy of the limbs and the taxonomic status of the genus primarily follow Broodbakker & Danielopol (1982), Martens (1987), Meisch (2000) and Karanovic (2005a, 2005b, 2012, 2013)....
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01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: Relying on larval morphology, a homology between the patterns in the two sexes is deduced and a suitable nomenclature for the apomorphic male condition is proposed.
Abstract: The sexual dimorphism in the chaetotaxy of the antenna in various species of Sclerocypris is studied and described. Relying on larval morphology, a homology between the patterns in the two sexes is deduced and a suitable nomenclature for the apomorphic male condition is proposed. The differences observed are in all probability related to the function of the male antenna during copulation.
122 citations
"Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. n..." refers background in this paper
...Descriptions of the chaetotaxy of the limbs and the taxonomic status of the genus primarily follow Broodbakker & Danielopol (1982), Martens (1987), Meisch (2000) and Karanovic (2005a, 2005b, 2012, 2013)....
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TL;DR: A subjective list of the Recent, free-living, non-marine ostracods species and genera of the world, with their distribution in the large zoogeographical regions, as well as a list of genera in their present hierarchical taxonomic position.
Abstract: We present a subjective list of the Recent, free-living, non-marine ostracods species and genera of the world, with their distribution in the large zoogeographical regions, as well as a list of genera in their present hierarchical taxonomic position. Based on the recognised synonymies, there are at present about 2090 species in c. 209 genera. About half of all species occur in one family, the Cyprididae, which is especially common in the southern Hemisphere. We give three new names for extant homonyms (Cypretta bradyi nom. nov., Cypria kliei nom. nov. and Physocypria dadayi nom. nov.), propose one new combination and one new synonymy and elevate the rank of the tribe Mytilocypridini to that of subfamily (with the same diagnosis).
114 citations
"Ufocandona hannaleeae gen. et sp. n..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The largest subfamily is Candoninae, having about 511 species worldwide (Martens & Savatenalinton 2011)....
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...Prior to this study, Candoninae included about 45 genera (Külköylüoğlu et al. 2011, 2017; Martens & Savatenalinton 2011; Smith 2011; Danielopol et al. 2012; Higuti & Martens 2012; Karanovic 2013)....
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