Ultra-High Performance Concrete: A State-of-the-Art Report for the Bridge Community
01 Jun 2013-
TL;DR: The Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) refers to a relatively new class of advanced cementitious composite materials whose mechanical and durability properties far surpass those of conventional concrete as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The term Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) refers to a relatively new class of advanced cementitious composite materials whose mechanical and durability properties far surpass those of conventional concrete. This class of concrete has been demonstrated to facilitate solutions that address specific problems in the United States highway bridge infrastructure. Initial material development research on UHPC began more than two decades ago. First structural deployments began in the late 1990s. First field deployments in the U.S. highway transportation infrastructure began in 2006. For this study, UHPC-class materials are defined as cementitious-based composite materials with discontinuous fiber reinforcement that exhibit compressive strength above 21.7 ksi (150 MPa), pre- and post-cracking tensile strength above 0.72 ksi (5 MPa), and enhanced durability via a discontinuous pore structure. This report documents the state of the art with regard to the research, development, and deployment of UHPC components within the U.S. highway transportation infrastructure. More than 600 technical articles and reports covering research and applications using UHPC have been published in English in the last 20 years, with many more published in other languages. The report includes information about materials and production, mechanical properties, structural design and structural testing, durability and durability testing, and actual and potential applications. The report concludes with recommendations for the future direction for UHPC applications in the United States.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the tensile strength and elongation of the UHP-ECC achieved were 20 MPa and 8.7% respectively, which combines the strain-hardening and multiple crack characteristics and the high strength of mortar matrix.
322 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the tensile and compressive properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) have been analyzed using finite element simulation software and a comparison is made with normal strength concrete.
250 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of various UHPFRC structures under different loading conditions, such as flexure, shear, torsion, and high-rate loads (impacts and blasts), were synthetically reviewed.
Abstract: An overall review of the structural behaviors of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) elements subjected to various loading conditions needs to be conducted to prevent duplicate research and to promote its practical applications. Thus, in this study, the behavior of various UHPFRC structures under different loading conditions, such as flexure, shear, torsion, and high-rate loads (impacts and blasts), were synthetically reviewed. In addition, the bond performance between UHPFRC and reinforcements, which is fundamental information for the structural performance of reinforced concrete structures, was investigated. The most widely used international recommendations for structural design with UHPFRC throughout the world (AFGC-SETRA and JSCE) were specifically introduced in terms of material models and flexural and shear design. Lastly, examples of practical applications of UHPFRC for both architectural and civil structures were examined.
200 citations
Cites methods from "Ultra-High Performance Concrete: A ..."
...No stirrup was applied, and each beam included 47 low-relaxation prestressing strands with a diameter of 15.2 mm (Russell and Graybeal 2013)....
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TL;DR: UHPC has several advantages over conventional concrete but the use of it is limited due to the high cost and limited design codes as discussed by the authors, however, it is the future material with the potential to be a viable solution for improving the sustainability of buildings and other infrastructure components.
195 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art technologies for developing UHPC mixtures with improved properties are reviewed, including the typical ingredients (e.g., binders, aggregates, chemical admixtures, and fibers).
Abstract: Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a type of cement-based composite for new construction and/or restoration of existing structures to extend service life. UHPC features superior workability, mechanical properties, and durability compared with conventional concrete. However, some challenges limit the wider application of UHPC, such as low workability for large-volume production, high autogenous shrinkage, insufficient flexural/tensile properties, and unpredictable durability after concrete cracking. Therefore, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies for developing UHPC mixtures with improved properties. This review covers the following aspects: (1) the existing design methodologies; (2) the typical ingredients (e.g., binders, aggregates, chemical admixtures, and fibers) for preparation of UHPC and the underlying working principals; (3) the technologies for improving and controlling key properties (e.g., workability, autogenous shrinkage, compressive performance, tensile/flexural properties, and durability); and (4) the representative successful applications. This review is expected to advance the fundamental knowledge of UHPC and promote further research and applications of UHPC.
187 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a new analysis tool was developed to quantify the experimentally observed changes in morphology of portlandite, allowing the calculation of the relative surface energies of the crystal facets.
2,498 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an ultra-high strength ductile concrete designated RPC (Reactive Powder Concrete), which was made possible by the application of a certain number of basic principles relating to the composition, mixing and post set heat curing of the concrete.
1,699 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a reference book on concrete technology covers the fundamentals and detailed information on freshly mixed and hardened concrete for Canada The properties of concrete as needed in concrete construction are presented, including strength and durability All concrete ingredients are reviewed for their optimal use in designing and proportioning concrete mixtures.
Abstract: This updated, definitive reference book on concrete technology covers the fundamentals and detailed information on freshly mixed and hardened concrete for Canada The properties of concrete as needed in concrete construction are presented, including strength and durability All concrete ingredients are reviewed for their optimal use in designing and proportioning concrete mixtures Applicable standards from the American Society for Testing and Materials, Canadian Standards Association and American Concrete Institute are referred to extensively Individual chapters address: (1) fundamentals of concrete; (2) Portland, blended and other hydraulic cements; (3) fly ash, slag, silica fume and natural pozzolans; (4) mixing water; (5) aggregates for concrete; (6) admixtures for concrete; (7) fibers; (8) air-entrained concrete; (9) designing and proportioning normal concrete mixtures; (10) batching, mixing, transporting and handling concrete; (11) placing and finishing concrete; (12) curing concrete; (13) hot weather concreting; (14) cold-weather concreting; (15) volume changes of concrete; (16) control tests for concrete; (17) high-performance concrete; and (18) special types of concrete
1,117 citations
Book•
02 Jul 1998
TL;DR: In this article, Neville et al. present a review of Relevant Properties of Some Ingredients of High Performance Concrete, including Ultra High-Strength Cement-Based Materials and Mechanical Properties.
Abstract: Foreword A. Neville. Introduction. Terminology. A Historical Perspective. The High Performance Concrete Rationale. High Strength Concrete Principles. Review of Relevant Properties of Some Ingredients of High Performance Concrete. Materials Selection. High Performance Mix Design Methods. Producing High Performance Concrete. Preparation for Concreting: What to do, How to do it and When to do it. Delivering, Placing and Controlling High Performance Concrete. Curing High Performance Concrete to Minimize Shrinkage. Properties of Fresh Concrete. Temperature Increase. Testing High Performance Concrete. Mechanical Properties. The Durablility of High Performance Concrete. Mechanical Properties. The Durability of High Performance Concrete. Special High-Performance Concretes. Ultra High-Strength Cement-Based Materials. A Look Ahead. Afterword P. Richard. Further and Recommended Reading
828 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented two models allowing to predict the packing density of a particle mix, derived from the Mooney's suspension viscosity model, and made a selection of mixes with the help of the Solid Suspension Model, and tests are performed in order to verify that the mix obtained is definitely optimal.
681 citations