Ultrahigh-Speed OTDM-Transmission Technology
TL;DR: In this article, a review of ultra-high-speed data transmission in optical fibers based on optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) transmission technology is presented, where optical signal processing in the transmitter and receiver as well as the requirements on ultrahigh speed data transmission over a fiber link are discussed.
Abstract: This paper reviews ultrahigh-speed data transmission in optical fibers based on optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) transmission technology. Optical signal processing in the transmitter and receiver as well as the requirements on ultrahigh-speed data transmission over a fiber link are discussed. Finally, results of several OTDM-transmission experiments, including 160-Gb/s transmission over 4320 km, 1.28-Tb/s transmission over 240 km, and 2.56-Tb/s transmission over 160-km fiber link, are described
Citations
More filters
05 Jun 2006
TL;DR: This paper discusses the generation and detection of multigigabit/s intensity- and phase-modulated formats, and highlights their resilience to key impairments found in optical networking, such as optical amplifier noise, multipath interference, chromatic dispersion, polarization-mode dispersion.
Abstract: Fiber-optic communication systems form the high-capacity transport infrastructure that enables global broadband data services and advanced Internet applications. The desire for higher per-fiber transport capacities and, at the same time, the drive for lower costs per end-to-end transmitted information bit has led to optically routed networks with high spectral efficiencies. Among other enabling technologies, advanced optical modulation formats have become key to the design of modern wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) fiber systems. In this paper, we review optical modulation formats in the broader context of optically routed WDM networks. We discuss the generation and detection of multigigabit/s intensity- and phase-modulated formats, and highlight their resilience to key impairments found in optical networking, such as optical amplifier noise, multipath interference, chromatic dispersion, polarization-mode dispersion, WDM crosstalk, concatenated optical filtering, and fiber nonlinearity
772Â citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The theoretical fundamentals of fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) are reviewed in this article, and their applications are discussed in the end the future research aspects are expected.
Abstract: The theoretical fundamentals of fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers(OPA) are reviewed,and their applications are discussed in this paper.In the end the future research aspects are expected.
267Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the design of chromatic dispersions of highly nonlinear fibers for desired applications is discussed, and fabrication results, including HNLFs with a longitudinally uniform zero-dispersion wavelength or with optimized higher order dispersion, are presented.
Abstract: Silica-based highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) have been utilized as platforms for various applications, including fiber lasers, optical amplifiers, and optical signal processings. For the practical applications, nonlinearity enhancement without degrading the attenuation and tailoring the chromatic dispersions remain the key issues. Herein, we initially discuss the design of chromatic dispersions of HNLFs for desired applications. Then the fabrication results, including HNLFs with a longitudinally uniform zero-dispersion wavelength or with optimized higher order dispersion, are presented. Furthermore, using evolved HNLFs, we demonstrate a unique four-wave-mixing-based wavelength conversion. In addition, suppression of the stimulated Brillouin scattering, a critical issue for high-power applications, is discussed. We fabricate Al2O3-doped HNLF that has lower Brillouin gain by 6.1 dB as compared with that of conventional GeO 2-doped HNLF.
161Â citations
Cites background from "Ultrahigh-Speed OTDM-Transmission T..."
...High-speed optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) systems with over 100 Gb/s per channel have been actively studied for future high-capacity networks [ 58 ]....
[...]
TL;DR: The latest results for OTDM transmission systems in combination with digital coherent detection achieving record-high serial data rates in a single-wavelength channel and a BER below the FEC limit is found.
Abstract: We present latest results for OTDM transmission systems in combination with digital coherent detection achieving record-high serial data rates in a single-wavelength channel. We show serial data transmission of 5.1 Tb/s (640 GBd) over 80-km and 10.2 Tb/s (1.28 TBd) over 29-km dispersion managed fiber (DMF). For 5.1-Tb/s transmission over 80-km DMF, the BER of all 128 OTDM-tributaries (both polarizations) is found to be below the hard-decision FEC-threshold, corresponding to an error-free net data rate of 4.8 Tb/s. In a 10.2-Tb/s experiment, the BER of all 256 TDM-tributaries (both polarizations) is found to be below the FEC-threshold in the back-to-back configuration. This translates to an error-free net data rate of 9.5 Tb/s. After transmission over a 29-km DMF negligible pulse broadening and a BER below the FEC limit is found.
97Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) decoder was used to characterize the bit-error rate of a 9.953 GHz continuous-wave laser comber.
Abstract: 9.953 GHz phase-modulated continuous-wave laser combs are spectrally broadened via nonlinear propagation in normal and anomalous dispersion media and experimentally characterized using a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) decoder. DPSK bit-error rate data are in qualitative agreement with radio-frequency spectrum analyzer measurements.
81Â citations
References
More filters
10 Jan 2005
TL;DR: Differential-phase-shift keying has recently been used to reach record distances in long-haul lightwave communication systems and theoretical as well as implementation aspects of DPSK are reviewed.
Abstract: Differential-phase-shift keying (DPSK) has recently been used to reach record distances in long-haul lightwave communication systems. This paper will review theoretical, as well as implementation, aspects of DPSK, and discuss experimental results.
949Â citations
"Ultrahigh-Speed OTDM-Transmission T..." refers background in this paper
...in combination with balanced detection is at least 3 dB better than the system performance for OOK transmission [34], [89]....
[...]
...If the two complementary signals are detected by a balanced photodetector, an improvement of 3 dB, as compared with OOK, is obtained [34]....
[...]
...detrimental than deviations from the desired phase shift [34]....
[...]
TL;DR: An applications-oriented review of optical parametric amplifiers in fiber communications is presented, focusing on the intriguing applications enabled by the parametric gain, such as all-optical signal sampling, time-demultiplexing, pulse generation, and wavelength conversion.
Abstract: An applications-oriented review of optical parametric amplifiers in fiber communications is presented. The emphasis is on parametric amplifiers in general and single pumped parametric amplifiers in particular. While a theoretical framework based on highly efficient four-photon mixing is provided, the focus is on the intriguing applications enabled by the parametric gain, such as all-optical signal sampling, time-demultiplexing, pulse generation, and wavelength conversion. As these amplifiers offer high gain and low noise at arbitrary wavelengths with proper fiber design and pump wavelength allocation, they are also candidate enablers to increase overall wavelength-division-multiplexing system capacities similar to the more well-known Raman amplifiers. Similarities and distinctions between Raman and parametric amplifiers are also addressed. Since the first fiber-based parametric amplifier experiments providing net continuous-wave gain in the for the optical fiber communication applications interesting 1.5-/spl mu/m region were only conducted about two years ago, there is reason to believe that substantial progress may be made in the future, perhaps involving "holey fibers" to further enhance the nonlinearity and thus the gain. This together with the emergence of practical and inexpensive high-power pump lasers may in many cases prove fiber-based parametric amplifiers to be a desired implementation in optical communication systems.
857Â citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluctuations of the pulses from continuous-wave mode-locked lasers is presented, and it is shown that these fluctuations can be detected and quantitatively characterized from measurements of the power spectrum of the light intensity.
Abstract: An experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluctuations of the pulses from continuous-wave mode-locked lasers is presented. It is shown that these fluctuations can be detected and quantitatively characterized from measurements of the power spectrum of the light intensity. Such power spectra can be measured with great accuracy by shining the laser output on a suitable photodetector and by processing the detector signal with the use of an electronic spectrum analyzer. Different types of noise such as fluctuations of the pulse energy, pulse repetition time, and pulse duration, can be readily recognized from their characteristic spectral signature. Experimental results of noise measurements are presented for a synchronously mode-locked dye laser pumped by an acousto-optically mode-locked argon ion laser, and also for a colliding pulse passively mode-locked dye laser.
819Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluctuations of the pulses from continuous-wave mode-locked lasers is presented, and it is shown that these fluctuations can be detected and quantitatively characterized from measurements of the power spectrum of the light intensity.
Abstract: An experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluctuations of the pulses from continuous-wave mode-locked lasers is presented. It is shown that these fluctuations can be detected and quantitatively characterized from measurements of the power spectrum of the light intensity. Such power spectra can be measured with great accuracy by shining the laser output on a suitable photodetector and by processing the detector signal with the use of an electronic spectrum analyzer. Different types of noise such as fluctuations of the pulse energy, pulse repetition time, and pulse duration, can be readily recognized from their characteristic spectral signature. Experimental results of noise measurements are presented for a synchronously mode-locked dye laser pumped by an acousto-optically mode-locked argon ion laser, and also for a colliding pulse passively mode-locked dye laser.
761Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, nonlinear polarisation rotation has been used to additive pulse mode-lock (APM) a single loop erbium fiber ring laser, which is fully self-starting without triggering and has been made to produce single pulses of 452 fs duration per round trip time.
Abstract: Nonlinear polarisation rotation has been used to additive pulse mode-lock (APM) a single loop erbium fibre ring laser. The system is fully self-starting without triggering and has been made to produce single pulses of 452 fs duration per round trip time.
375Â citations
"Ultrahigh-Speed OTDM-Transmission T..." refers background in this paper
...[23], [24]), mode-locked solid-state lasers (MLSLs) [25], and externally modulated cw lasers [pulse carving, e....
[...]