Ultrasensitive vector bending sensor based on multicore optical fiber.
TL;DR: The authors' MCF bending sensor was found to be highly sensitive (4094 pm/deg) to small bending angles and it is capable of distinguishing multiple bending orientations.
Abstract: In this Letter, we demonstrate a compellingly simple directional bending sensor based on multicore optical fibers (MCF). The device operates in reflection mode and consists of a short segment of a three-core MCF that is fusion spliced at the distal end of a standard single mode optical fiber. The asymmetry of our MCF along with the high sensitivity of the supermodes of the MCF make the small bending on the MCF induce drastic changes in the supermodes, their excitation, and, consequently, on the reflected spectrum. Our MCF bending sensor was found to be highly sensitive (4094 pm/deg) to small bending angles. Moreover, it is capable of distinguishing multiple bending orientations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the fiber-optic localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensitive biosensor for detection of Shigella bacterial species is presented. But the proposed sensor is comprised of multi-core fiber (MCF) having seven cores arranged in a hexagonal shape and spliced with single-mode fiber for efficient detection.
Abstract: Present study demonstrates the fiber-optic localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensitive biosensor for detection of Shigella bacterial species. The proposed sensor is comprised of multi-core fiber (MCF) having seven cores arranged in a hexagonal shape and spliced with single-mode fiber (SMF) for efficient detection. An increase in evanescent waves (EWs) and coupling of modes between MCF cores was achieved by etching process in a controlled manner. The etching process also increases the refractive index sensitivity (RIS) of the proposed sensor. Further, coating with nanomaterials like gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) helps in the excitation of localized plasmons. Here, Shigella specific oligonucleotide probes are used as a recognition element. The results demonstrate that the proposed sensor can successfully and efficiently detect the Shigella bacterial species with high sensitivity. Shigella in the range of 10 – 100 CFU/mL (colony-forming unit/mL) can cause serious intestinal infection and therefore, its detection in this range is critical. The proposed sensor demonstrates a linearity range from 1 to 109 CFU/mL with a detection time of 5 min and a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.56 CFU/mL. The proposed sensing methodology can be a potential alternative to the commercially existing ones in the near future.
130 citations
Cites background from "Ultrasensitive vector bending senso..."
...[22], shape [23], vibration [24], [25], twist [26], temperature [18], [27], strain [28], and bending [29], [30]....
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TL;DR: An ambitious review of the current state of the art of Fiber Optic Shape Sensors (FOSS) based on Optical Multicore Fibers or multiple optical single-core fibers with embedded strain sensors and provides a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of aspects.
99 citations
TL;DR: A compact, portable, label-free, and ultra-sensitive sensor is proposed to detect cancerous cells based on Multi-Core Fiber comprising of seven cores arranged in a hexagonal shape spliced with Single-Mode Fiber for efficient detection of different types of cancer cells.
94 citations
TL;DR: A review of optical fiber bending sensors is presented in this article, where the authors mainly focus on the measurement methods of the structure bending and the existing problems of the bending measurement methods and the future prospects of different bending sensors.
88 citations
TL;DR: A compact and versatile interferometric vibration sensor that operates in reflection mode that can be easily tailored from a few hertz to several kilohertz through the cantilever dimensions.
Abstract: We demonstrate a compact and versatile interferometric vibration sensor that operates in reflection mode. To build the device, a short segment of symmetric strongly coupled multicore optical fiber (MCF) is fusion spliced to a single-mode optical fiber (SMF). One end of the MCF segment is cleaved and placed in a cantilever position. Due to the SMF-MCF configuration, only two supermodes are excited in the MCF. Vibrations induce cyclic bending of the MCF cantilever which results in periodic oscillations of the reflected interference spectrum. In our device, the MCF itself is the inertial mass. The frequency range where our device is sensitive can be easily tailored from a few hertz to several kilohertz through the cantilever dimensions.
52 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the method of conformal transformations is applied to the analysis of waveguide bends and simple first-order expressions that describe the dependence of the losses on waveguide parameters are derived.
Abstract: The method of conformal transformations is applied to the analysis of waveguide bends. Equivalent structures are obtained that permit solution by traditional methods of optical waveguide analysis. Losses associated with both curvature and with the transition from straight to curved guides are discussed and simple first-order expressions that describe the dependence of the losses on waveguide parameters are derived.
638 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an improved curvature loss formula for optical waveguides is presented, which is shown to accurately predict the bend loss of both single-mode and multimode fibers.
Abstract: This paper presents an improved curvature loss formula for optical waveguides, which is shown to accurately predict the bend loss of both single-mode and multimode fibers. The formula expands upon a previous formula derived by Marcuse, greatly improving its accuracy for the case of multimode fiber. Also presented are the results of bent fiber simulations using the beam propagation method (BPM), and experimental measurements of bend loss. Agreement among simulation, formula and measurement support the validity of both theoretical methods. BPM simulations showed that the lowest order modes of the bent fiber were reduced to their linearly polarized constituents prior to the onset of significant bend loss. This implies that certain LP mode orientations should propagate with much lower loss than previously expected, and should impact the mode stripping ability of bent large mode area fibers, as employed in fiber lasers and amplifiers.
327 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the changes in wavelength and attenuation of long period fiber gratings subjected to bends with curvatures from 0 to 4.4 m/sup -1/.
Abstract: The authors examine the changes in wavelength and attenuation of long period fibre gratings subjected to bends with curvatures from 0 to 4.4 m/sup -1/. The wavelength change with curvature is nonlinear, with a projected minimum detectable curvature change of 2/spl times/10/sup -3/ m/sup -1/. The magnitude of the bend-induced wavelength shift depends on the rotation of the cylindrical fibre relative to the bending plane.
226 citations
04 Sep 2002
TL;DR: A study comparing users' ability to match a changing target value using a commercial pressure stylus and the FlexStylus' absolute deformation suggests that deformation may be a useful input method for future work considering stylus augmentation.
Abstract: FlexStylus, a flexible stylus, detects deformation of the barrel as a vector with both a rotational and an absolute value, providing two degrees of freedom with the goal of improving the expressivity of digital art using a stylus device. We outline the construction of the prototype and the principles behind the sensing method, which uses a cluster of four fibre-optic based deformation sensors. We propose interaction techniques using the FlexStylus to improve menu navigation and tool selection. Finally, we describe a study comparing users' ability to match a changing target value using a commercial pressure stylus and the FlexStylus' absolute deformation. When using the FlexStylus, users had a significantly higher accuracy overall. This suggests that deformation may be a useful input method for future work considering stylus augmentation.
194 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first measurements of curvature made using Bragg gratings written in separate cores of a multicore optical fiber are described, where the gratings act as independent, but isothermal, strain gauges.
Abstract: The first measurements of curvature made using Bragg gratings written in separate cores of a multicore optical fibre are described. The gratings act as independent, but isothermal, strain gauges. The difference in Bragg wavelength between the gratings provides a temperature-independent measurement of the local curvature.
177 citations