Ultrasound-assisted extraction for food and environmental samples
TL;DR: In this article, a brief presentation of the theory of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) is given, and the main results in selected applications published in the period 2010-12 are summarized.
Abstract: In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has attracted growing interest, as it is an effective method for the rapid extraction of a number of compounds from food and environmental samples, with extraction efficiency comparable to that of classical techniques. In particular, recently, numerous analytical applications of this technique dealt with the extraction of natural compounds and pollutants from food and environmental samples. This review gives a brief presentation of the theory of UAE, discusses recent advances that influence its efficiency, and summarizes the main results in selected applications published in the period 2010–12. There is discussion of the advantages and the disadvantages of UAE and the possibility of coupling UAE with other analytical techniques.
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TL;DR: The mechanisms, effects, and future perspective of ultrasound technology will help to better understand the complex mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and further guide its application in cash crops.
337 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction on the recovery of polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls from vegetal and algae matters.
Abstract: Ultrasound treatment is an alternative affordable, effective and reproducible method for the improved recovery of bioactive compounds from various processing streams. The objective of this review is to discuss the impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction on the recovery of polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls from vegetal and algae matters. Optimization strategies will need to focus on appropriate equipment design and configuration of ultrasonic components, and extrinsic and intrinsic control parameters including ultrasonic power, temperature and extraction time to maximize the yield and biological activity of the extract. Modeling strategies to characterize and optimize ultrasound processes are also be highlighted in the manuscript.
295 citations
TL;DR: UAE is a technology that is placed within the area of Sustainable Chemistry since it promotes the use of renewable raw materials through the extraction of phenolic compounds, implementing the substitution of organicsolvents with solvents that do not present toxic effects, and lowering the energy consumption when compared to conventional methods and minimizing process times and temperatures.
Abstract: Vegetable sources and agro-industrial residues represent an important source of phenolic compounds that are useful in a wide range of applications, especially those with biological activities. Conventional techniques of phytochemical extraction have been associated with a high consumption of organic solvents that limits the application of bioactive extracts, leading to the implementation of novel extraction technologies using mechanisms such as Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). In the present review, an analysis of the involved variables in the extraction yield of phenolic compounds through UAE is presented, highlighting the advantages of this technology based on the results obtained in various optimized studies. A comparison with other technologies and a proposal of its possible application for agro industrial residues as raw material of phenolic compounds is also indicated. Finally, it is concluded that UAE is a technology that is placed within the area of Sustainable Chemistry since it promotes the use of renewable raw materials through the extraction of phenolic compounds, implementing the substitution of organic solvents with solvents that do not present toxic effects, lowering the energy consumption when compared to conventional methods and minimizing process times and temperatures, which is useful for the extraction of thermo-labile compounds.
257 citations
Cites methods from "Ultrasound-assisted extraction for ..."
...However, there are more efficient extraction systems, such the Ultrasound system coupled with a probe (Figure 4), where the direct contact with the sample allows it to develop a power up to 100 times more than that provided in the ultrasonic bath [24]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the main strategies employed in the scientific literature to reduce deleterious side-effects of extraction techniques are reviewed, and the evolution of sample-treatment procedures is focused on simultaneous improvement of the main analytical features of the method and its practical aspects.
Abstract: Greening extraction techniques to improve the sensitivity and the selectivity of analytical methods is the sustainable alternative to classical sample-preparation procedures used in the past In this update, we review the main strategies employed in the scientific literature to reduce deleterious side-effects of extraction techniques We demonstrate that the evolution of sample-treatment procedures is focused on the simultaneous improvement of the main analytical features of the method and its practical aspects, including the economic case
236 citations
TL;DR: The main objective is to offer an assessment of the state of the art and identify research needs and future trends in determining pesticide and veterinary drug residues in food by LC-MS.
226 citations
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TL;DR: This review presents a complete picture of current knowledge on application of ultrasound in food technology including processing, preservation and extraction and provides the necessary theoretical background and some details about ultrasound the technology, the technique, and safety precautions.
1,963 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) for food and allied industries is discussed, including the potential for modification of plant cell material to provide improved bioavailability of micro-nutrients while retaining the natural-like quality.
Abstract: Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) process enhancement for food and allied industries are reported in this review. This includes herbal, oil, protein and bioactives from plant and animal materials (e.g. polyphenolics, anthocyanins, aromatic compounds, polysaccharides and functional compounds) with increased yield of extracted components, increased rate of extraction, achieving reduction in extraction time and higher processing throughput. Ultrasound can enhance existing extraction processes and enable new commercial extraction opportunities and processes. New UAE processing approaches have been proposed, including, (a) the potential for modification of plant cell material to provide improved bioavailability of micro-nutrients while retaining the natural-like quality, (b) simultaneous extraction and encapsulation, (c) quenching of the radical sonochemistry especially in aqueous systems to avoid degradation of bioactives and (d) potential use of the radical sonochemistry to achieve targeted hydroxylation of polyphenolics and carotenoids to increase bioactivity. Industrial relevance The application of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) in food processing technology is of interest for enhancing extraction of components from plant and animal materials. This review shows that UAE technology can potentially enhance extraction of components such as polyphenolics, anthocyanins, aromatic compounds, polysaccharides, oils and functional compounds when used as a pre-treatment step in a unit process. The higher yield obtained in these UAE processes are of major interest from an industrial point of view, since the technology is an “add on” step to the existing process with minimum alteration, application in aqueous extraction where organic solvents can be replaced with generally recognised as safe (GRAS) solvents, reduction in solvent usage, and shortening the extraction time. The use of ultrasonic for extraction purposes in high-cost raw materials is an economical alternative to traditional extraction processes, which is an industry demand for a sustainable development.
1,169 citations
TL;DR: The six principles of green-extraction are introduced, describing a multifaceted strategy to apply this concept at research and industrial level, and offer an updated glimpse of the huge technological effort that is being made and the diverse applications that are being developed.
Abstract: The design of green and sustainable extraction methods of natural products is currently a hot research topic in the multidisciplinary area of applied chemistry, biology and technology. Herein we aimed to introduce the six principles of green-extraction, describing a multifaceted strategy to apply this concept at research and industrial level. The mainstay of this working protocol are new and innovative technologies, process intensification, agro-solvents and energy saving. The concept, principles and examples of green extraction here discussed, offer an updated glimpse of the huge technological effort that is being made and the diverse applications that are being developed.
1,145 citations
TL;DR: The same physical and mechanical effects which have been utilised in sonochemistry have been applied to food processing as discussed by the authors, i.e. strong shear forces, particle fragmentation, increased mass and heat transfer, nucleation of seedling, etc.
962 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the major applications of low and high power ultrasound in food science and technology, and their methods and applications including important research results including the basic principles and applications.
818 citations