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Unbiased Risk Estimates for Singular Value Thresholding and Spectral Estimators

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TLDR
The utility of the unbiased risk estimation for SVT-based denoising of real clinical cardiac MRI series data is demonstrated and an unbiased risk estimate formula for singular value thresholding (SVT), a popular estimation strategy that applies a soft-thresholding rule to the singular values of the noisy observations is given.
Abstract
In an increasing number of applications, it is of interest to recover an approximately low-rank data matrix from noisy observations. This paper develops an unbiased risk estimate-holding in a Gaussian model-for any spectral estimator obeying some mild regularity assumptions. In particular, we give an unbiased risk estimate formula for singular value thresholding (SVT), a popular estimation strategy that applies a soft-thresholding rule to the singular values of the noisy observations. Among other things, our formulas offer a principled and automated way of selecting regularization parameters in a variety of problems. In particular, we demonstrate the utility of the unbiased risk estimation for SVT-based denoising of real clinical cardiac MRI series data. We also give new results concerning the differentiability of certain matrix-valued functions.

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Proximal Algorithms

TL;DR: The many different interpretations of proximal operators and algorithms are discussed, their connections to many other topics in optimization and applied mathematics are described, some popular algorithms are surveyed, and a large number of examples of proxiesimal operators that commonly arise in practice are provided.
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Spatiotemporal Clutter Filtering of Ultrafast Ultrasound Data Highly Increases Doppler and fUltrasound Sensitivity

TL;DR: The singular value decomposition (SVD) takes benefits of the different features of tissue and blood motion in terms of spatiotemporal coherence and strongly outperforms conventional clutter rejection filters based on high pass temporal filtering.
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Low-rank plus sparse matrix decomposition for accelerated dynamic MRI with separation of background and dynamic components.

TL;DR: The low‐rank plus sparse (L+S) matrix decomposition model is applied to reconstruct undersampled dynamic MRI as a superposition of background and dynamic components in various problems of clinical interest.
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From Denoising to Compressed Sensing

TL;DR: In this paper, a denoising-based approximate message passing (D-AMP) framework is proposed to integrate a wide class of denoisers within its iterations. But, the performance of D-AMP is limited by the use of an appropriate Onsager correction term in its iterations, which coerces the signal perturbation at each iteration to be very close to the white Gaussian noise that denoisers are typically designed to remove.
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The Optimal Hard Threshold for Singular Values is $4/\sqrt {3}$

TL;DR: Empirical evidence suggests that performance improvement over TSVD and other popular shrinkage rules can be substantial, for different noise distributions, even in relatively small n.
References
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Compressed sensing

TL;DR: It is possible to design n=O(Nlog(m)) nonadaptive measurements allowing reconstruction with accuracy comparable to that attainable with direct knowledge of the N most important coefficients, and a good approximation to those N important coefficients is extracted from the n measurements by solving a linear program-Basis Pursuit in signal processing.
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Robust uncertainty principles: exact signal reconstruction from highly incomplete frequency information

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the model problem of reconstructing an object from incomplete frequency samples and showed that with probability at least 1-O(N/sup -M/), f can be reconstructed exactly as the solution to the lscr/sub 1/ minimization problem.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sparse MRI: The application of compressed sensing for rapid MR imaging.

TL;DR: Practical incoherent undersampling schemes are developed and analyzed by means of their aliasing interference and demonstrate improved spatial resolution and accelerated acquisition for multislice fast spin‐echo brain imaging and 3D contrast enhanced angiography.
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Measure theory and fine properties of functions

TL;DR: In this article, the authors define and define elementary properties of BV functions, including the following: Sobolev Inequalities Compactness Capacity Quasicontinuity Precise Representations of Soboleve Functions Differentiability on Lines BV Function Differentiability and Structure Theorem Approximation and Compactness Traces Extensions Coarea Formula for BV Functions isoperimetric inequalities The Reduced Boundary The Measure Theoretic Boundary Gauss-Green Theorem Pointwise Properties this article.
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