Underground coal gasification: From fundamentals to applications
TL;DR: Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a promising option for the future use of un-worked coal as mentioned in this paper, which can be used for industrial heating, power generation or the manufacture of hydrogen, synthetic natural gas or diesel fuel.
About: This article is published in Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.The article was published on 2013-02-01. It has received 332 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Underground coal gasification & Clean coal technology.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of four typical low-rank coals selected from different mines of China using thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) were investigated by the FTIR measurements.
213 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of various technologies for hydrogen production from renewable and non-renewable resources, including fossil fuel or biomass-based hydrogen production, microbial hydrogen production and electrolysis and thermolysis of water and thermochemical cycles.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how consent-based and justice-based forms of social contract provide an ethical framework for the way coal seam gas companies and communities interact and explore the ethical aspects of these disagreements.
116 citations
TL;DR: A review of the various methods of undertaking underground coal gasification and observations from demonstrations of the process in the field is provided in this paper, along with an identification of various zones and associated governing phenomena.
111 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an exploratory study on improving coal porosity and permeability by microwave treatment was proposed, and the pore size distribution of four unconstrained coals (lignite, subbituminous, bituminous and anthracite) before and after microwave treatment, were evaluated using the nuclear magnetic resonance.
107 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the chemical reactions occurring during low-temperature oxidation of coal and develop a kinetic model to predict the self-heating and gas emission in coal seams.
531 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the chemical reactions occurring during low-temperature oxidation of coal and develop a kinetic model to predict the self-heating and gas emission in coal seams.
Abstract: Coal oxidation at low temperatures (i.e. <100 °C) is the major heat source responsible for the self-heating and spontaneous combustion of coal and is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. This review focuses on the chemical reactions occurring during low-temperature oxidation of coal. Current understanding indicates that this process involves consumption of O 2, formation of solid oxygenated complexes, thermal decomposition of solid oxygenated complexes and generation of gaseous oxidation products. Parameters, such as mass change, heat release, oxygen consumption, and formation of oxidation products in the gas or solid phase, have been used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the oxidation process. Reaction mechanisms have been proposed to explain the characteristics of consumption of O2, and formation of oxidation products in the gas and solid phases. Various kinetic models have also been developed to describe the rate of oxygen consumption and the rates of formation of gaseous oxidation products in terms of the rate parameters of the relevant reactions, oxidation time, temperature, and initial concentration of oxygen in the oxidising medium. Further research emphasis should be placed on the formation of the complete reaction pathways proceeding in the oxidation process and on the development of kinetic models applicable for predicting the self-heating and gas emission in a coal seam or stockpile.
482 citations
453 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general model for coal devolatilization is presented, which considers the evolution of gas, tar, char and guest molecules, and combines two previously developed models, a Functional Group (FG) model and a DevolATilization-Vaporization-Crosslinking (DVC) model.
Abstract: This paper presents a general model for coal devolatilization which considers the evolution of gas, tar, char and guest molecules. The general model combines two previously developed models, a Functional Group (FG) model and a Devolatilization-Vaporization-Crosslinking (DVC) model. The FG model considers the parallel independent evolution of the light gas species formed by the decomposition of functional groups. Alternatively, functional groups can be released from the coal molecule attached to molecular fragments which evolve as tar. The kinetic rates for the decomposition of each functional group and for tar formation have been determined by comparison to a wide variety of data, a first approximation, these rates are insensitive to coal rank. The FG model uses an adjustable parameter to fit the total amount of tar evolution. This parameter depends strongly on the details of the time-temperature history of the sample, the external pressure, and the coal concentration and, therefore, varies with the type of experiment performed.
436 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new method that is simpler and more accurate than the author's previous method is presented for estimating f(E) and k0(E), in the distributed activation energy model.
Abstract: A new method that is simpler and more accurate than the author's previous method is presented for estimating f(E) and k0(E) in the distributed activation energy model. It utilizes at least three se...
424 citations