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Journal ArticleDOI

Understanding gang membership: The significance of group processes

Jane L. Wood1
29 Sep 2014-Group Processes & Intergroup Relations (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 17, Iss: 6, pp 710-729
TL;DR: Gang researchers have robustly established that gang members facilitate increased criminal activity in members, even those who were prolifically delinquent before gang membership (Klein, Weerman, & Thornbe... as discussed by the authors ).
Abstract: Gang researchers have robustly established that gangs facilitate increased criminal activity in members—even those who were prolifically delinquent before gang membership (Klein, Weerman, & Thornbe...

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Citation for published version
Wood, Jane L. (2014) Understanding gang membership: The significance of group processes.
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17 (6). pp. 710-729. ISSN 1368-4302.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430214550344
Link to record in KAR
https://kar.kent.ac.uk/55015/
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$$#
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Group Processes and Intergroup Relations
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For Peer Review
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$$
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($+
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Citations
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19 Dec 2016

1 citations


Cites background from "Understanding gang membership: The ..."

  • ...Violence is often a central characteristic of 27 gang members, and is regularly employed; therefore, it is considered an essential tool because it enhances members’ ability to obtain material assets, an affluent life style, and status (Wood, 2014)....

    [...]

  • ...From an early age, they mimic and adopt the group’s norms in order to be accepted (Wood, 2014; Alleyne & Wood, 2010)....

    [...]

  • ...gang members, and is regularly employed; therefore, it is considered an essential tool because it enhances members’ ability to obtain material assets, an affluent life style, and status (Wood, 2014)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article investigated the causal attributions of responsibility for criminal behavior among youths in urban Mexico, distinguishing between internal blame (attributed to the perpetrator) and external blame, such as the government and society.
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored the social dynamics of adolescent co-offending and decision-making processes among cooffenders; and investigated cooffending roles in relation to the nature of a specific crime.
Abstract: This paper explores the social dynamics of adolescent co-offending and decision-making processes among co-offenders; and to investigate co-offending roles in relation to the nature of a specific crime. The sample consisted of 15 young people who were purposively sampled from a group of 14- to 17-year-old males who had been identified as at risk of criminal group involvement and referred to a community-based programme. Using a social identity framework, a thematic analysis was undertaken to investigate how the participants viewed their role in co-offending as part of a criminal group. Participants identified their roles in criminal groups as instigators, followers and group members. Planned crimes were either targeted or capitalised as part of other delinquent activities. Impulsive offending was opportunistic, impetuous or reactive. Furthermore, a new theoretical model to explain the social dynamics of co-offending was developed and the implications for co-offending prevention and intervention programmes are discussed.
References
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Book
01 Jan 1957
TL;DR: Cognitive dissonance theory links actions and attitudes as discussed by the authors, which holds that dissonance is experienced whenever one cognition that a person holds follows from the opposite of at least one other cognition that the person holds.
Abstract: Cognitive dissonance theory links actions and attitudes It holds that dissonance is experienced whenever one cognition that a person holds follows from the opposite of at least one other cognition that the person holds The magnitude of dissonance is directly proportional to the number of discrepant cognitions and inversely proportional to the number of consonant cognitions that a person has The relative weight of any discrepant or consonant element is a function of its Importance

22,553 citations

Book
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: Erikson as mentioned in this paper describes a process that is located both in the core of the individual and in the inner space of the communal culture, and discusses the connection between individual struggles and social order.
Abstract: Identity, Erikson writes, is an unfathomable as it is all-pervasive. It deals with a process that is located both in the core of the individual and in the core of the communal culture. As the culture changes, new kinds of identity questions arise-Erikson comments, for example, on issues of social protest and changing gender roles that were particular to the 1960s. Representing two decades of groundbreaking work, the essays are not so much a systematic formulation of theory as an evolving report that is both clinical and theoretical. The subjects range from "creative confusion" in two famous lives-the dramatist George Bernard Shaw and the philosopher William James-to the connection between individual struggles and social order. "Race and the Wider Identity" and the controversial "Womanhood and the Inner Space" are included in the collection.

14,906 citations

Book ChapterDOI
09 Jan 2004
TL;DR: A theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory is presented in this article. But the analysis is limited to the case where the salient dimensions of the intergroup differentiation are those involving scarce resources.
Abstract: This chapter presents an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. Much of the work on the social psychology of intergroup relations has focused on patterns of individual prejudices and discrimination and on the motivational sequences of interpersonal interaction. The intensity of explicit intergroup conflicts of interests is closely related in human cultures to the degree of opprobrium attached to the notion of "renegade" or "traitor." The basic and highly reliable finding is that the trivial, ad hoc intergroup categorization leads to in-group favoritism and discrimination against the out-group. Many orthodox definitions of "social groups" are unduly restrictive when applied to the context of intergroup relations. The equation of social competition and intergroup conflict rests on the assumptions concerning an "ideal type" of social stratification in which the salient dimensions of intergroup differentiation are those involving scarce resources.

14,812 citations


"Understanding gang membership: The ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Social identity approaches, including social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) and selfcategorization theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987) maintain that once people identify with a group they experience further shaping of their self-view (see also Goldman, Giles, & Hogg,…...

    [...]

  • ...…arbitrarily (e.g., grouped according to people’s over- or underestimation of total dots on a piece of paper), with no history of conflict and no potential for future conflict, can lead to ingroup favoritism when allocating money to anonymous ingroup or outgroup others (Tajfel & Turner, 1986)....

    [...]

  • ...Social categorization processes facilitate a clear-cut picture of one’s own and others’ social group membership and enables emotional values to be attached to those groups (Tajfel & Turner, 1986)....

    [...]

  • ...…uncertain about personal identity motivates people to identify with a group and, in line with social categorization tenets (Abrams & Hogg, 2010; Tajfel & Turner, 1986) use their group membership to categorize themselves and others according to sets of attitudes and behaviors that epitomize…...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-categorization theory is proposed to discover the social group and the importance of social categories in the analysis of social influence, and the Salience of social Categories is discussed.
Abstract: 1. Introducing the Problem: Individual and Group 2. Rediscovering the Social Group 3. A Self-Categorization Theory 4. The Analysis of Social Influence 5. Social Identity 6. The Salience of Social Categories 7. Social Identity and Group Polarization 8. Crowd Behaviour as Social Action 9. Conclusion.

8,872 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the social consequences of low self-control in criminal events and individual propensities: age, gender, and race, as well as white-collar crime.
Abstract: Preface Part I. Crime: 1. Classical theory and the idea of crime 2. The nature of crime Part II. Criminality: 3. Biological positivism 4. Psychological, economic, and sociological positivism 5. The nature of criminality: low self-control Part II. Applications of the Theory: 6. Criminal events and individual propensities: age, gender, and race 7. The social consequences of low self-control 8. Culture and crime 9. White-collar crime 10. Organization and crime Part IV. Research and Policy: 11. Research design and measurement 12. Implications for public policy Index.

7,154 citations