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Journal ArticleDOI

Understanding gang membership: The significance of group processes

Jane L. Wood1
29 Sep 2014-Group Processes & Intergroup Relations (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 17, Iss: 6, pp 710-729
TL;DR: Gang researchers have robustly established that gang members facilitate increased criminal activity in members, even those who were prolifically delinquent before gang membership (Klein, Weerman, & Thornbe... as discussed by the authors ).
Abstract: Gang researchers have robustly established that gangs facilitate increased criminal activity in members—even those who were prolifically delinquent before gang membership (Klein, Weerman, & Thornbe...

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Citation for published version
Wood, Jane L. (2014) Understanding gang membership: The significance of group processes.
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17 (6). pp. 710-729. ISSN 1368-4302.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430214550344
Link to record in KAR
https://kar.kent.ac.uk/55015/
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$$#
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Group Processes and Intergroup Relations
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For Peer Review
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$$
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($+
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Citations
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01 Sep 1944-Nature
TL;DR: The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints, but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable as mentioned in this paper, and there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study.
Abstract: EIGHT members of the Yale Institute of Human Relations have co-operated to produce this book The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable Whatever judgment one may make about the value of the hypothesis elaborated in the book, there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study Frustration and Aggression By John Dollard Neal E Miller Leonard W Doob O H Mowrer Robert R Sears, in collaboration with Clellan S Ford, Carl Iver Hovland and Richard T Sollenberger (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction) Pp ix + 150 (London: Kegan Paul and Co, Ltd, 1944) 10s 6d net

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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a psychological study of groupthink in foreign policy decisions and fiascoes, which they call "Victims of Groupthink" and "Fiascoes".
Abstract: Thank you for reading victims of groupthink a psychological study of foreign policy decisions and fiascoes. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this victims of groupthink a psychological study of foreign policy decisions and fiascoes, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hypotheses about the effects of self-focused rumination on interpretations of events and interpersonal problem solving were tested in 3 studies with dysphoric and nondysphoric participants and it was shown that dysphoric participants who ruminated were more pessimistic about positive events in their future than the other 3 groups.
Abstract: Hypotheses about the effects of self-focused rumination on interpretations of events and interpersonal problem solving were tested in 3 studies with dysphoric and nondysphoric participants. Study 1 supported the hypothesis that dysphoric participants induced to ruminatively self-focus on their feelings and personal characteristics would endorse more negative, biased interpretations of hypothetical situations than dysphoric participants induced to distract themselves from their mood, or nondysphoric participants. Study 2 showed that dysphoric participants who ruminated were more pessimistic about positive events in their future than the other 3 groups. Study 3 showed that dysphoric ruminating participants generated less effective solutions to interpersonal problems than the other 3 groups. In Studies 1 and 3, dysphoric ruminating participants also offered the most pessimistic explanations for interpersonal problems and hypothetical negative events. In all 3 studies, dysphoric participants who distracted were as optimistic and effective in solving problems as non-dysphoric participants.

1,086 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of norms within the social identity perspective as a basis for theorizing a number of manifestly communicative phenomena has been discussed in this paper, where group norms are cognitively represented as context-dependent prototypes that capture the distinctive properties of groups.
Abstract: We articulate the role of norms within the social identity perspective as a basis for theorizing a number of manifestly communicative phenomena We describe how group norms are cognitively represented as context-dependent prototypes that capture the distinctive properties of groups The same process that governs the psychological salience of different prototypes, and thus generates group normative behavior, can be used to understand the formation, perception, and diffusion of norms, and also how some group members, for example, leaders, have more normative influence than others We illustrate this process across a number of phenomena and make suggestions for future interfaces between the social identity perspective and communication research We believe that the social identity approach represents a truly integrative force for the communication discipline

1,054 citations


"Understanding gang membership: The ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...That is, part of their self-concept (i.e., how they think about themselves) develops from being a member of their group (Hogg & Reid, 2006)....

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  • ...11 mobilizing their membership and accessing commodities such as drugs and weapons (Hughes, 2013). Klein (1995) considers cohesion to be “....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1944-Nature
TL;DR: The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints, but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable as mentioned in this paper, and there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study.
Abstract: EIGHT members of the Yale Institute of Human Relations have co-operated to produce this book The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable Whatever judgment one may make about the value of the hypothesis elaborated in the book, there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study Frustration and Aggression By John Dollard Neal E Miller Leonard W Doob O H Mowrer Robert R Sears, in collaboration with Clellan S Ford, Carl Iver Hovland and Richard T Sollenberger (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction) Pp ix + 150 (London: Kegan Paul and Co, Ltd, 1944) 10s 6d net

994 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four studies examined the relation between college students' own attitudes toward alcohol use and their estimates of the attitudes of their peers and found that students' perceived deviance correlated with various measures of campus alienation, even though that deviance was illusory.
Abstract: Four studies examined the relation between college students' own attitudes toward alcohol use and their estimates of the attitudes of their peers. All studies found widespread evidence of pluralistic ignorance: Students believed that they were more uncomfortable with campus alcohol practices than was the average student. Study 2 demonstrated this perceived self-other difference also with respect to one's friends. Study 3 traced attitudes toward drinking over the course of a semester and found gender differences in response to perceived deviance: Male students shifted their attitudes over time in the direction of what they mistakenly believed to be the norm, whereas female students showed no such attitude change. Study 4 found that students' perceived deviance correlated with various measures of campus alienation, even though that deviance was illusory. The implications of these results for general issues of norm estimation and responses to perceived deviance are discussed.

984 citations


"Understanding gang membership: The ..." refers result in this paper

  • ...This was demonstrated by findings which showed that even though most university students were not comfortable with the accepted levels of students’ drinking habits, they believed that other students were quite happy with the norm (Prentice & Miller, 1993)....

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977 citations