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Journal ArticleDOI

Understanding gang membership: The significance of group processes

Jane L. Wood1
29 Sep 2014-Group Processes & Intergroup Relations (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 17, Iss: 6, pp 710-729
TL;DR: Gang researchers have robustly established that gang members facilitate increased criminal activity in members, even those who were prolifically delinquent before gang membership (Klein, Weerman, & Thornbe... as discussed by the authors ).
Abstract: Gang researchers have robustly established that gangs facilitate increased criminal activity in members—even those who were prolifically delinquent before gang membership (Klein, Weerman, & Thornbe...

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Citation for published version
Wood, Jane L. (2014) Understanding gang membership: The significance of group processes.
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17 (6). pp. 710-729. ISSN 1368-4302.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430214550344
Link to record in KAR
https://kar.kent.ac.uk/55015/
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$$#
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Group Processes and Intergroup Relations
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For Peer Review
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$$
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($+
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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1944-Nature
TL;DR: The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints, but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable as mentioned in this paper, and there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study.
Abstract: EIGHT members of the Yale Institute of Human Relations have co-operated to produce this book The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable Whatever judgment one may make about the value of the hypothesis elaborated in the book, there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study Frustration and Aggression By John Dollard Neal E Miller Leonard W Doob O H Mowrer Robert R Sears, in collaboration with Clellan S Ford, Carl Iver Hovland and Richard T Sollenberger (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction) Pp ix + 150 (London: Kegan Paul and Co, Ltd, 1944) 10s 6d net

994 citations

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a psychological study of groupthink in foreign policy decisions and fiascoes, which they call "Victims of Groupthink" and "Fiascoes".
Abstract: Thank you for reading victims of groupthink a psychological study of foreign policy decisions and fiascoes. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this victims of groupthink a psychological study of foreign policy decisions and fiascoes, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.

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References
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Reference EntryDOI
17 Oct 2013
TL;DR: GTM is also a popular methodology adopted by qualitative researchers in social science disciplines and medical and health sciences as discussed by the authors, and its popularity and use are gaining momentum as literature documenting detailed procedures about conducting grounded theory research is readily available.
Abstract: The overarching research goal for which grounded theory methodology (GTM) is used is to understand the basic social processes that underlie a phenomenon in socially or experientially relevant domains of human life. It is also a popular methodology adopted by qualitative researchers in social science disciplines and medical and health sciences. In psychology too, its popularity and use are gaining momentum as literature documenting detailed procedures about conducting grounded theory research is readily available. Keywords: ethnography; methodology; research

960 citations


"Understanding gang membership: The ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...For example, grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1994) may provide indepth insight from gang members since participants will not be constrained by the limits imposed by questionnaire items....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a subjective uncertainty reduction model of motivation associated with social identity process and group and intergroup behavior is developed and described, based on social identity theory and self-categorization theory.
Abstract: A motivational extension of social identity theory is proposed: the uncertainty reduction hypothesis. Building on social identity theory and self-categorization theory, a subjective uncertainty reduction model of motivation associated with social identity process and group and intergroup behavior is developed and described. Contextually generated subjective uncertainty about important, usually self-conceptually relevant, matters motivates uncertainty reduction. The processes of self-categorization and prototypical depersonalization responsible for social identification and group behaviors are well suited to subjective uncertainty reduction; they contextually assimilate self to a prescriptive prototype that guides and consensually validates perception, cognition, affect and behavior. Group membership, social category-based self-conceptualization, group behavior, and intergroup relations are motivated by uncertainty reduction. Contextual uncertainty can be reduced by group membership and group action. This ...

848 citations


"Understanding gang membership: The ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Uncertainty-identity theory (Hogg, 2000) explains that feeling uncertain about personal identity motivates people to identify with a group and, in line with social categorization tenets (Abrams & Hogg, 2010; Tajfel & Turner, 1986) use their group membership to categorize themselves and others according to sets of attitudes and behaviors that epitomize group membership....

    [...]

  • ...Uncertainty-identity theory (Hogg, 2000) explains that feeling uncertain about personal identity motivates people to identify with a group and, in line with social categorization tenets (Abrams & Hogg, 2010; Tajfel & Turner, 1986) use their group membership to categorize themselves and others…...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A theoretical analysis of the thinking disorder observed in depressed patients is presented and the discussion will be directed toward how the typical idiosyncratic content and cognitive distortions become dominant during the depressed phase.
Abstract: The cognitive distortions and the idiosyncratic thought content of depressed patients have been described by me in a previous article.2It was suggested on the basis of clinical observation that many of the phenomena in depression may be characterized in terms of a thought disorder. This conclusion was drawn from the consistent finding of systematic errors, such as arbitrary inferences, selective abstraction, and overgeneralization in the idiosyncratic conceptualizations of the depressed patients. The present paper will present a theoretical analysis of the thinking disorder observed in depressed patients. The formulations will be limited to a few broad areas in which the relevant clinical material was considered adequate to warrant a formal theoretical exposition. The discussion will be directed toward two salient problems: first, how the typical idiosyncratic content and cognitive distortions become dominant during the depressed phase; secondly, the relationship

770 citations


"Understanding gang membership: The ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Cognitive schemas are cognitive structures that enable individuals to screen, encode, and evaluate social stimuli (Beck, 1964)....

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Book
01 Dec 1970
TL;DR: The first C. Wright Mills Award-winning book, Delinquency and Drift as discussed by the authors, argues persuasively that delinquent thought and delinquent action are distorted reflections of the ideas and practices that pervade contemporary juvenile law and its administration.
Abstract: The first C. Wright Mills Award-winning book, Delinquency and Drift has become a recognized classic in the fields of criminology and social problems. In it, Matza argues persuasively that delinquent thought and delinquent action are distorted reflections of the ideas and practices that pervade contemporary juvenile law and its administration. His ideas are as persuasive today as when they were first published twenty-five years ago. By example and illustration, Matza argues that the delinquent subculture is based on many of the same standards as the conventional social order, and that the delinquent's negation of the law is the result of his relations with an inconsistent and vulnerable legal code. Once the juvenile breaks his or her ties to the legal order, the drift to delinquency becomes relatively easy to justify. The author also maintains that being liberated from legal constraint does not necessarily lead to delinquency; that event depends on the will to commit crime. Because delinquency remains one of our most serious social problems, it is important to consider Matza's thesis that the drift toward delinquency is frequently aided by the unwitting support of society and the guardians of social order.

760 citations


"Understanding gang membership: The ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Research has noted the existence of pluralistic ignorance in gang members who have expressed privately that they feel extreme discomfort with some of their criminal activities (Matza, 1964)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a total of 91 Black, 96 White, and 35 Asian college students completed the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSES), as well as measures of psychological well-being (personal self-esteem, life satisfaction, depression, and hopelessness).
Abstract: A total of 91 Black, 96 White, and 35 Asian college students completed the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSES), as well as measures of psychological well-being (personal self-esteem, life satisfaction, depression, and hopelessness). Correlations between the Public and Private subscales of the CSES were near zero for Blacks, moderate for Whites, and strong for Asians. The membership and private subscales of the general CSES were related to psychological well-being, even when the effects of personal self-esteem on well-being were partialed out. However, when the three groups were examined separately, the relation of CSE to well-being with personal self-esteem partialed out was nonsignificant for Whites, small for Blacks, and moderate to strong for Asians. General and race-specific CSE were correlated for all three groups, although the correlations were strongest for Asians. Implications for symbolic interactionist views of the self-concept, for formulations of mental health, and for methodological issues co...

747 citations