Universal Filter Based on Compact CMOS Structure of VDDDA.
TL;DR: The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental one that confirmed the advantages of the filter and the natural frequency and bandwidth are orthogonally controlled by using separated transconductance without affecting the passband voltage gain.
Abstract: This paper proposes the simulated and experimental results of a universal filter using the voltage differencing differential difference amplifier (VDDDA). Unlike the previous complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) structures of VDDDA that is present in the literature, the present one is compact and simple, owing to the employment of the multiple-input metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor technique. The presented filter employs two VDDDAs, one resistor and two grounded capacitors, and it offers low-pass: LP, band-pass: BP, band-reject: BR, high-pass: HP and all-pass: AP responses with a unity passband voltage gain. The proposed universal voltage mode filter has high input impedances and low output impedance. The natural frequency and bandwidth are orthogonally controlled by using separated transconductance without affecting the passband voltage gain. For a BP filter, the root mean square (RMS) of the equivalent output noise is 46 µV, and the third intermodulation distortion (IMD3) is −49.5 dB for an input signal with a peak-to peak of 600 mV, which results in a dynamic range (DR) of 73.2 dB. The filter was designed and simulated in the Cadence environment using a 0.18-µm CMOS process from Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC). In addition, the experimental results were obtained by using the available commercial components LM13700 and AD830. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental one that confirmed the advantages of the filter.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, a voltage-mode three-input single-output multifunction first-order filter employing commercially available LT1228 IC for easy verification of the proposed circuit by laboratory measurements is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents the design of a voltage-mode three-input single-output multifunction first-order filter employing commercially available LT1228 IC for easy verification of the proposed circuit by laboratory measurements. The proposed filter is very simple, consisting of a single LT1228 as an active device with two resistors and one capacitor. The output voltage node is low impedance, resulting in an easy cascade-ability with other voltage-mode configurations. The proposed filter provides four filter responses: low-pass filter (LP), high-pass filter (HP), inverting all-pass filter (AP-), and non-inverting all-pass filter (AP+) in the same circuit configuration. The selection of output filter responses can be conducted without additional inverting or double gains, which is easy to be controlled by the digital method. The control of pole frequency and phase response can be conducted electronically through the bias current (IB). The matching condition during tuning the phase response with constant voltage gain is not required. Moreover, the pass-band voltage gain of the LP and HP functions can be controlled by adjusting the value of resistors without affecting the pole frequency and phase response. Additionally, the phase responses of the AP filters can be selected as both lagging or leading phase responses. The parasitic effects on the filtering performances were also analyzed and studied. The performances of the proposed filter were simulated and experimented with a ±5 V voltage supply. For the AP+ experimental result, the leading phase response for 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency changed from 180 to 0 degrees. For the AP- experimental result, the lagging phase response for 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency changed from 0 to -180 degrees. The design of the quadrature oscillator based on the proposed first-order filter is also included as an application example.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-voltage nano-power multiple-input operational transconductance amplifier (MI-OTA) with high linearity performance and increased input voltage swing is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a low-voltage nano-power multiple-input operational transconductance amplifier (MI-OTA) with high linearity performance and increased input voltage swing. The enhanced performances are achieved thanks to employing several techniques as the bulk-driven, source-degeneration, self-cascode and negative conductance along with the concept of the input signal attenuation formed by multiple-input MOS transistor. The MI-OTA is widely tunable that serves for biological signals processing. A 3rd-order Butterworth band-pass filter (BPF) for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing with 55.8 dB dynamic rang is presented. The MI-OTA circuit is designed for 0.5V voltage supply and offers a 0.22% total harmonic distortion (THD) for 0.2Vpp input signal with total power consumption of 13.4nW. Extensive simulation results including Monte Carlo analysis and process, voltage, temperature (PVT) corners using the $0.18\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology from TSMC confirm the characteristics of the proposed MI-OTA and the filter.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a voltage-mode universal filter and quadrature oscillator were designed for low-frequency biomedical and sensor applications, and it consumes 357.4 nW of power.
Abstract: This paper presents the extremely low-voltage supply of the CMOS structure of a differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA). With a 0.3-volt supply voltage, the circuit offers rail-to-rail operational capability. The circuit is designed for low-frequency biomedical and sensor applications, and it consumes 357.4 nW of power. Based on two DDTAs and two grounded capacitors, a voltage-mode universal filter and quadrature oscillator are presented as applications. The universal filter possesses high-input impedance and electronic tuning ability of the natural frequency in the range of tens up to hundreds of Hz. The total harmonic distortion (THD) for the band-pass filter was 0.5% for 100 mVpp @ 84.47 Hz input voltage. The slight modification of the filter yields a quadrature oscillator. The condition and the frequency of oscillation are orthogonally controllable. The frequency of oscillation can also be controlled electronically. The THD for a 67 Hz oscillation frequency was around 1.2%. The circuit is designed and simulated in a Cadence environment using 130 nm CMOS technology from United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). The simulation results confirm the performance of the designed circuits.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a new mixed-mode universal filter based on a differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA) was proposed, which can offer four modes of second-order transfer functions into a single topology, namely, voltage mode (VM), current mode (CM), transadmittance-mode (TAM), and transimpedance mode (TIM) transfer functions.
Abstract: This paper presents a new mixed-mode universal filter based on a differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA). Unlike the conventional transconductance amplifier (TA), this DDTA has both advantages of the TA and the differential difference amplifier (DDA). The proposed filter can offer four-mode operations of second-order transfer functions into a single topology, namely, voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM), transadmittance-mode (TAM), and transimpedance-mode (TIM) transfer functions. Each operation mode offers five standard filtering responses; therefore, at least twenty filtering transfer functions can be obtained. For the filtering transfer functions, the matching conditions for the input and passive component are absent. The natural frequency and the quality factor can be set orthogonally and electronically controlled. The performance of the proposed topology was evaluated by PSPICE simulator using the 0.18 µm CMOS technology from the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The voltage supply was 1.2 V and the power dissipation of the DDTA was 66 µW. The workability of the filter was confirmed through experimental test by DDTA-based LM13600 discrete-component integrated circuits.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an innovative CMOS structure for Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers (DDTA) is presented, which uses the multiple-input MOS transistor (MI-MOST), the bulk-driven, self-cascode and partial positive feedback (PPF) techniques.
Abstract: This paper presents an innovative CMOS structure for Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers (DDTA). While the circuit operates under extremely low voltage supply 0.5 V, the circuit’s performance is improved thanks to using the multiple-input MOS transistor (MI-MOST), the bulk-driven, self-cascode and partial positive feedback (PPF) techniques. As a result, the DDTA structure is less complex, with high gain of 93 dB, wide input voltage range nearly rail-to-rail, and wide transconductance tunability. As an example of application, a second-order voltage-mode universal filter using three DDTAs and two 6 pF integrated capacitors is presented. The filter is designed such that no matching conditions are required for the input and passive components, and the input signals need not be inverted. The natural frequency and the quality factor can be set orthogonally while the natural frequency can be electronically controlled. The circuit was designed and simulated in Cadence environment using $0.18 \mu \text{m}$ TSMC technology. The simulation results including intensive Monte-Carlo (MC) and process, temperature, voltage (PVT) analysis confirm the stability and the robustness of the design to process, mismatch variation and PVT corners.
9 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, a 5-V, 7-order elliptic analog magnitude filter for antialiasing in digital video applications is described, based on a G/sub m/-C technique, exhibits a dynamic range of 61 dB and dissipates a power of 75 mW.
Abstract: An approach that has made possible the integration of video frequency continuous-time filters with wide dynamic range is discussed. The tuning scheme necessary to maintain the stable and accurate frequency response in the presence of temperature variations, process tolerance, and aging is described. Detailed design techniques specific to high-frequency operation are introduced to implement a 5-V, seventh-order elliptic analog magnitude filter for antialiasing in digital video applications. The filter, based on a G/sub m/-C technique, exhibits a dynamic range of 61 dB and dissipates a power of 75 mW. Ninety-two chips from various wafers and two different process runs were tested. Seventy-five percent of the fabricated chips were functional, and 63% of them met the commercial-grade specifications in spite of an error in the layout which forced the phase control circuitry to perform suboptimally. >
208 citations
"Universal Filter Based on Compact C..." refers methods in this paper
...Another example is the use of a two-input-stage OTA instead of a conventional OTA to build a leapfrog realization of a seventh-order elliptic filter in order to facilitate the signal addition required in the feedback paths of the leapfrog realization [38]....
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TL;DR: Two new voltage-mode (VM) universal filters employing three plus-type differential voltage current conveyors (DVCC+s) and grounded passive elements are presented and have the advantage of a high input impedance, which enables easy cascading to obtain higher order filters.
Abstract: In this paper two new voltage-mode (VM) universal filters employing three plus-type differential voltage current conveyors (DVCC+s) and grounded passive elements are presented. The first proposed filter is a single-input five-output (SIFO) circuit which can realize simultaneously all of the standard responses, i.e. low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP), all-pass (AP) and notch (NH) from the same configuration. The second proposed circuit is a three-input single-output (TISO) universal filter for realizing standard responses depending on the selection of the input signal from the same topology. Both of the proposed filters have the advantage of a high input impedance, which enables easy cascading to obtain higher order filters. The proposed filters are simulated using the SPICE program to verify the theoretical analysis.
75 citations
TL;DR: A technique to achieve highly linear scaling of differential currents in CMOS technology is presented, based on operation in weak or moderate inversion, and features performance improvements over previous proposals aimed to the same goal, like reduced supply voltage requirements, increased power efficiency, and avoidance of bulk effect.
Abstract: A technique to achieve highly linear scaling of differential currents in CMOS technology is presented. It is based on operation in weak or moderate inversion, and features performance improvements over previous proposals aimed to the same goal, like reduced supply voltage requirements, increased power efficiency, and avoidance of bulk effect. As an example, this technique is applied to attain continuous tuning for two novel voltage-to-current converters, achieving highly linear programmable transconductance over a rail-to-rail input range. Both implementations fabricated in a 0.5-mum CMOS technology using a dual supply of plusmn1.5 V achieve a THD of -60 dB with differential input swings of 6 Vpp (i.e., twice the supply voltage). The area and power consumption are 0.12 mm2 and 2.6 mW for the first implementation and 0.11 mm2 and 2.2 mW for the second one, respectively.
59 citations
"Universal Filter Based on Compact C..." refers methods in this paper
...Another way to obtain multiple-input MOST is the utilizing of a multipleinput floating-gate transistor (MIFG) [39]....
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...Another way to obtain multiple-input MOST is the utilizing of a multiple-input floating- Sensors 2021, 21, 1683 3 of 22 gate transistor (MIFG) [39]....
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TL;DR: The principle of a bulk-driven MOS transistor is employed in the design of a novel LV LP current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) in the 0.25 μm CMOS technology, verified via PSpice simulation.
Abstract: Low-voltage (LV) low-power (LP) integrated circuit design is becoming a leading trend in VLSI technology, particularly in special portable applications In this paper, the principle of a bulk-driven MOS transistor is employed in the design of a novel LV LP current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) Designs in the 025 μm CMOS technology have been verified via PSpice simulation The supply voltages are only ±06 V
53 citations
TL;DR: The first experimental results of the multiple-input bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate (MI-BD-QFG) MOS transistor (MOST) which is suitable for low-voltage (LV) low-power (LP) integrated circuits design is presented.
Abstract: This brief presents the first experimental results of the multiple-input bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate (MI-BD-QFG) MOS transistor (MOST) which is suitable for low-voltage (LV) low-power (LP) integrated circuits design. The MI-BD-QFG MOST is an extension to the principle of the bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate (BD-QFG) MOST. However, unlike the BD-QFG the MI-BD-QFG MOST offers multiple-input that simplifies specific CMOS topologies and reduce their power consumption. To confirm the advantages of the MI-BD-QFG MOST a Differential Difference Current Conveyor (DDCC) with very simple CMOS structure has been designed and fabricated in a standard n-well 0.18 µm CMOS process from TSMC with total chip area 350 µm × 78 µm. The fabricated circuit uses a 0.5 V power supply, consumes 1.7 µW power and offers near rail-to-rail input common mode range.
41 citations
"Universal Filter Based on Compact C..." refers methods in this paper
...Note that the multiple-input technique could be applied to the gate terminal [6,36], bulk terminal [28], bulk-gate terminal [34] or bulk-quasi-floating-gate terminal of the MOST [29]....
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...Note that the multiple-input technique could be applied to the gate terminal [6,36], bulk terminal [28], bulk-gate terminal [34] or bulk-quasi-floatinggate terminal of the MOST [29]....
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