Unravelling the early warning capability of wastewater surveillance for COVID-19: A temporal study on SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection and need for the escalation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the influent wastewater samples (n = 43) from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Gandhinagar, India, during August 7th to September 30th, 2020.
About: This article is published in Environmental Research.The article was published on 2021-03-02 and is currently open access. It has received 68 citations till now.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Embase and the WBE Consortium Registry according to PRISMA guidelines for relevant articles published until 31st July 2021.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Embase and the WBE Consortium Registry according to PRISMA guidelines for relevant articles published until 31st July 2021.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors established a framework to critique the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology to serve as an early warning system, with special attention to the onset of viral shedding and the differential between results reporting for WBE and clinical testing.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors enumerate three different applications of wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19: a qualitative "early warning" system; an independent, quantitative estimate of disease prevalence; and a quantitative alert of bursts of disease incidence.
56 citations
01 Aug 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples were compared to geocoded COVID-19 clinical testing data, and no lead time was observed when the sample collection date (versus the result date) was used for both wastewater and clinical test data.
Abstract: Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA can be integrated with COVID-19 case data to inform timely pandemic response. However, more research is needed to apply and develop systematic methods to interpret the true SARS-CoV-2 signal from noise introduced in wastewater samples (e.g., from sewer conditions, sampling and extraction methods, etc.). In this study, raw wastewater was collected weekly from five sewersheds and one residential facility. The concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples were compared to geocoded COVID-19 clinical testing data. SARS-CoV-2 was reliably detected (95% positivity) in frozen wastewater samples when reported daily new COVID-19 cases were 2.4 or more per 100,000 people. To adjust for variation in sample fecal content, four normalization biomarkers were evaluated: crAssphage, pepper mild mottle virus, Bacteroides ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and human 18S rRNA. Of these, crAssphage displayed the least spatial and temporal variability. Both unnormalized SARS-CoV-2 RNA signal and signal normalized to crAssphage had positive and significant correlation with clinical testing data (Kendall's Tau-b (τ)=0.43 and 0.38, respectively), but no normalization biomarker strengthened the correlation with clinical testing data. Locational dependencies and the date associated with testing data impacted the lead time of wastewater for clinical trends, and no lead time was observed when the sample collection date (versus the result date) was used for both wastewater and clinical testing data. This study supports that trends in wastewater surveillance data reflect trends in COVID-19 disease occurrence and presents tools that could be applied to make wastewater signal more interpretable and comparable across studies.
42 citations
References
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TL;DR: No abstract available Keywords: ACE2; Gastrointestinal Infection; Oral-Fecal Transmission; SARS-CoV-2.
2,185 citations
TL;DR: The quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater affords the ability to monitor the prevalence of infections among the population via wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and highlights the viability of WBE for monitoring infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, in communities.
1,325 citations
TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published gastrointestinal symptoms and detection of virus in stool, and a analysis of data from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong found that 17.6% of patientsWith CO VID-19 had gastrointestinal symptoms, and healthcare workers should exercise caution in collecting fecal samples or performing endoscopic procedures in patients with CoV-2—even during patient recovery.
1,267 citations
TL;DR: The detection of the virus RNA in sewage, even when the CO VID-19 prevalence is low, and the correlation between concentration in sewage and reported prevalence of COVID-19, indicate that sewage surveillance could be a sensitive tool to monitor the circulation of theirus in the population.
Abstract: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, a significant proportion of cases shed SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with their faeces. To determine if SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in sewage during the emergence...
1,075 citations
TL;DR: The serial interval of COVID-19 is close to or shorter than its median incubation period, indicating that a substantial proportion of secondary transmission may occur prior to illness onset and that calculations made using the SARS serial interval may introduce bias.
963 citations