Unsupervised Long- Term Evolution Device-to-Device: A Case Study for Safety-Critical V2X Communications
TL;DR: The challenges and potential of unsupervised LTE D2D (mode 2) for safety-critical vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications are evaluated and two distributed resource allocation strategies for unlicensed band access are proposed.
Abstract: In this article, we explore the recent Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) device-to-device (D2D) radio resource management specification (Release 14) to identify the challenges and evaluate the potential of unsupervised LTE D2D (mode 2) for safety-critical vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. We also propose two distributed resource allocation strategies for unlicensed band access. Complementary to dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)/intelligent transport system (ITS)-G5, unsupervised LTE D2D presents an opportunity to provide redundancy for ultrareliable systems, such as safety-critical V2X communications.
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TL;DR: A price-rising-based iterative matching algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated joint peer discovery, power control, and channel selection problem under various quality-of-service requirements and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm from the perspectives of weighted sum rate and matching satisfaction gains.
Abstract: By analogy with Internet of things, Internet of vehicles (IoV) that enables ubiquitous information exchange and content sharing among vehicles with little or no human intervention is a key enabler for the intelligent transportation industry. In this paper, we study how to combine both the physical and social layer information for realizing rapid content dissemination in device-to-device vehicle-to-vehicle (D2D-V2V)-based IoV networks. In the physical layer, headway distance of vehicles is modeled as a Wiener process, and the connection probability of D2D-V2V links is estimated by employing the Kolmogorov equation. In the social layer, the social relationship tightness that represents content selection similarities is obtained by Bayesian nonparametric learning based on real-world social big data, which are collected from the largest Chinese microblogging service Sina Weibo and the largest Chinese video-sharing site Youku. Then, a price-rising-based iterative matching algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated joint peer discovery, power control, and channel selection problem under various quality-of-service requirements. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm from the perspectives of weighted sum rate and matching satisfaction gains.
181 citations
Cites background from "Unsupervised Long- Term Evolution D..."
...In [17], two distributed resource allocation schemes were proposed for a D2D-based safety-critical vehicular network with unlicensed band access....
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TL;DR: The challenges in existing LTE for supporting V2X communications such as physical layer structure, synchronization, multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS), resource allocation, security and survey the recent solutions to these challenges.
Abstract: A wide variety of works have been conducted in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications to enable a variety of applications for road safety, traffic efficiency and passenger infotainment. Although dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) based V2X is already in the deployment phase, cellular based V2X is gaining more interest in academia and industry most recently. This article surveys the existing work and challenges on LTE and 5G to support efficient V2X communications. First, we present the motivations for cellular based V2X communications. Second, we summarize the LTE V2X architecture and operating scenarios being considered. Third, we discuss the challenges in existing LTE for supporting V2X communications such as physical layer structure, synchronization, multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS), resource allocation, security and survey the recent solutions to these challenges. We further discuss the challenges and possible solutions for 5G based vehicular communications. Finally, we discuss the open research issues and possible research directions in cellular based vehicular communications.
159 citations
Additional excerpts
...Absolute time offset error is more pronounced for out of coverage vehicular users due to the radio wave propagation time from GNSS....
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...If a vehicle UE cannot receive any synchronization signal from any source then UE uses its local source as the synchronization source. b) GNSS based synchronization: In GNSS based synchronization, vehicle UE searches for GNSS signal as soon as it is powered on....
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...2) Solutions: To address this synchronization problem, the synchronization source can be chosen as a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) [33]....
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...GNSS can be used as a synchronization source as explained in [29], however, there still exist problems with the absolute time offset error in partial coverage and out of coverage....
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...The third instruction is to utilize GNSS for side links and to request UE2 to use GNSS as well....
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TL;DR: In order to provide wireless communication services with ultra-low delay, ultra-high reliability and ultra-large bandwidth, this article proposes architectures of 5G-V2X communication networks by exploiting the technologies of5G new radio (NR), network slicing, and deviceto- device communications.
Abstract: With the evolution of the technologies for IoV to be intelligent and interconnected, V2X communication technology serves as a core technology for information interaction among intelligent connected vehicles, and an important technology to realize environment sensing for future autonomous driving. In order to provide wireless communication services with ultra-low delay, ultra-high reliability and ultra-large bandwidth, this article proposes architectures of 5G-V2X communication networks by exploiting the technologies of 5G new radio (NR), network slicing, and deviceto- device communications. We discuss their principles and key features, and foresee the challenges, opportunities, and future research trends. The applications of related technologies of the software defined network (SND) and multi-access edge computing (MEC) are also introduced. Finally, the technologies of information security and privacy protection are identified to support the diverse services and applications in the future 5G-V2X networks.
127 citations
Cites methods from "Unsupervised Long- Term Evolution D..."
...As one key technology of LTE and 5G communications, D2D communication allows data transmission independently of the BS and core network, which can significantly improve the spectral efficiency, throughput, energy efficiency, delay, and fairness of the network [12]....
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TL;DR: A set of application scenarios for D2D communications in 5G networks is defined and the recent models of 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) and WiFi interfaces are used in analyzing the power consumption from both the infrastructure and user device perspectives.
Abstract: Device-to-device (D2D) communication is an essential part of the future fifth generation (5G) system that can be seen as a “network of networks,” consisting of multiple seamlessly-integrated radio access technologies (RATs). Public safety communications, autonomous driving, socially-aware networking, and infotainment services are example use cases of D2D technology. High data rate communications and use of several active air interfaces in the described network create energy consumption challenges for both base stations and the end user devices. In this paper, we review the status of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardization, which is the most important standardization body for 5G systems. We define a set of application scenarios for D2D communications in 5G networks. We use the recent models of 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) and WiFi interfaces in analyzing the power consumption from both the infrastructure and user device perspectives. The results indicate that with the latest radio interfaces, the best option for energy saving is the minimization of active interfaces and sending the data with the best possible data rate. Multiple recommendations on how to exploit the results in future networks are given.
102 citations
TL;DR: This article presents a brief planar overview of a smart city system architecture by introducing the application, sensing, communication, data, and security/privacy planes and provides insights for open issues and opportunities in these planes.
73 citations
References
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TL;DR: The radio resource management problem for D2D-based V2V communication is investigated, and a Separate resOurce bLock and powEr allocatioN (SOLEN) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem.
Abstract: Direct device-to-device (D2D) links are proposed as a possible enabler for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, where the incurred intracell interference and the stringent latency and reliability requirements are challenging issues In this paper, we investigate the radio resource management problem for D2D-based V2V communication First, we analyze and transform the latency and reliability requirements of V2V communication into optimization constraints that are computable using only the slowly varying channel information This transformation opens up the possibility of extending certain existing D2D techniques to cater to V2V communication Second, we propose a problem formulation that fulfills the different requirements of V2V communication and traditional cellular communication Moreover, a Separate resOurce bLock and powEr allocatioN (SOLEN) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem Finally, simulations are presented to evaluate different schemes, which illustrate the necessity of careful design when extending D2D methods to V2V communication, as well as show promising performance of the proposed SOLEN algorithm
265 citations
06 Apr 2014
TL;DR: A location dependent resource allocation scheme (LDRAS) for mobile D2D communications that fulfills the requirements of such services, while reducing the signaling overhead and guaranteeing a certain maximum interference level within the primary network and the D1D underlay, respectively is proposed.
Abstract: Device-to-device (D2D) communication as an underlay to future cellular networks has been recently considered as an efficient cell offloading and capacity increasing solution. In this paper, we propose to use the D2D underlay as a carrier for automotive safety applications with very strict quality of service and reliability requirements. We propose a location dependent resource allocation scheme (LDRAS) for mobile D2D communications that fulfills the requirements of such services, while reducing the signaling overhead and guaranteeing a certain maximum interference level within the primary network and the D2D underlay, respectively. The former is ensured by applying persistent resource allocation to the vehicular D2D network. The latter is achieved with a spatial reuse scheme with fixed resource reservation, exploiting the localized nature of vehicle-to-vehicle communications. Initial simulation results, comparing the proposed LDRAS to a state-of-the-art radio resource management algorithm, are provided as a proof-of-concept and illustrate the benefits of our solution.
108 citations
01 Dec 2013
TL;DR: This paper proposes an eMBMS-inspired mechanism to allocate LTE-Direct resources for dedicated broadcast/multicast vehicular safety communications, and proposes to reserve identical LTE downlink resources over multiple eNB for dedicated communications between UEs.
Abstract: LTE-Direct is an upcoming LTE rel 12 extension to allow UEs to communicate directly without going through an eNB LTE-Direct is expected to be used in future LTE-A networks for unicast Proximity Services, and has not been envisioned so far for broadcast transmissions In this paper, we propose an eMBMS-inspired mechanism to allocate LTE-Direct resources for dedicated broadcast/multicast vehicular safety communications The mechanism does not require any connection procedure for LTE-Direct broadcast transmissions, and proposes to reserve identical LTE downlink resources over multiple eNB for dedicated communications between UEs We apply this concept to the periodic broadcast of BSM/CAM and illustrate that the mechanism's flexibility and extensibility makes LTE-Direct a good complementary technology to DSRC for periodic vehicular safety communications
32 citations
01 Sep 2015
TL;DR: This paper proposes a geographic based reuse cellular user selection scheme and two different distributed power control schemes to serve various applications in vehicular networks and formulate two metrics: the sum rate and the minimum-achievable rate to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes.
Abstract: This paper applies device-to-device technique to vehicular-to-vehicular communications (D2D-V) in an underlay fashion. Different from conventional D2D systems focusing on smart phones, whose positions are usually assumed to be statical, the D2D-V system suffers more mobility and uncertainties. These dynamic features indeed complicate the design of D2D-V system, but also, give more potential to accomplish some geographic based algorithms. Armed with the geographic knowledge of highway and the dynamic GPS information in each vehicle, we propose a geographic based reuse cellular user selection scheme and two different distributed power control schemes to serve various applications in vehicular networks. We model the problem firstly, then formulate two metrics: the sum rate and the minimum-achievable rate to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. Simulations are proposed to validate our schemes and analysis. Influences of different system settings are also discussed here.
22 citations
08 Jun 2015
TL;DR: The results show that LDRAS significantly improves the QoS for future C-ITS applications, from radio resource management point of view, but satisfying the requirements of such services necessitates further improvements of 5G networks over current 4G deployments.
Abstract: Cooperative intelligent traffic systems (C-ITS) will help improve the safety and efficiency of ground transportation by enabling the cooperation between traffic participants. Applications based on the C-ITS paradigm rely on vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and vehicle-to-device (collectively, V2X) communication for the exchange of critical information and have very stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements on the reliability and availability of the communication links. In order to enable V2X communication using the envisioned device-to-device underlay of future 5G cellular networks, we have introduced a Location Dependent Resource Allocation Scheme (LDRAS) in [1]. In this paper, we enhance and extend LDRAS to multicell deployments, and quantify its performance based on extensive system level simulations. The results show that LDRAS significantly improves the QoS for future C-ITS applications, from radio resource management point of view. However, satisfying the requirements of such services necessitates further improvements of 5G networks over current 4G deployments.
19 citations