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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Update of two dimensional arrays for real time volumetric and real time intracardiac imaging

17 Oct 1999-Vol. 2, pp 1217-1220
TL;DR: The authors constructed several arrays for real time intracardiac volumetric imaging based upon 2 different designs; a 13/spl times/11=143 element 5.0 MHz 2-D array for side scanning applications, and a 10/ spl times/10=100 element 7.0 frequencies for side scan applications.
Abstract: The authors have previously described 2-D array transducers with up to several thousand elements operating at frequencies between 2.5 and 5.0 MHz for real time volumetric imaging. Lately, there has been interest in developing catheter based intracardiac imaging systems to aid in the precise tracking of anatomical features and intracardiac devices for improved diagnoses and therapies. The authors constructed several arrays for real time intracardiac volumetric imaging based upon 2 different designs; a 13/spl times/11=143 element 5.0 MHz 2-D array for side scanning applications, and a 10/spl times/10=100 element 7.0 MHz 2-D array for side scanning applications. The 5.0 MHz array fits into a 12 French (3.8 mm OD) catheter and the 7.0 MHz transducer is designed to fit into a 9 French (2.9 mm OD) catheter. The authors also constructed 2 transducers for transthoracic imaging; a 40/spl times/40 5.0 MHz 2-D array, and a 40/spl times/40 7.0 MHz 2-D array. The -6 dB fractional bandwidths for the transducers varied from 27% to 67%. All the transducers were constructed on a 6 layer polyimide interconnect. Both transthoracic and intracardiac volumetric images of ultrasound phantoms and animal models have been obtained using the Duke University real time volumetric imaging system which is capable of generating multiple planes at any desired angle and depth within a pyramidal volume.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current techniques for the acquisition, visualisation and quantitative analysis of three-dimensional ultrasound data are surveyed, with particular attention to the design and implementation of freehand systems.

155 citations


Cites methods from "Update of two dimensional arrays fo..."

  • ...Fast acquisition is also possible using 2D phased arrays of transducers (Bureau et al., 1998; Light et al., 1999, 1998), which electronically steer the ultrasound beam across a pyramidal volume: since there are no moving parts, the acquisition is almost instantaneous....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using catheter-mounted 2-D array transducers, real-time 3-D intracardiac ultrasound (US) images are obtained and two electrophysiological interventional devices in the right atrium are imaged, performing an in vitro ablation study, and viewed the pulmonary veins in vitro.
Abstract: Using catheter-mounted 2-D array transducers, we have obtained real-time 3-D intracardiac ultrasound (US) images. We have constructed several transducers with 64 channels inside a 12 French catheter lumen operating at 5 MHz. The transducer configuration may be side-scanning or beveled, with respect to the long axis of the catheter lumen. We have also included six electrodes to acquire simultaneous electrocardiograms. Using an open-chest sheep model, we inserted the catheter into the cardiac chambers to study the utility of in vivo intracardiac 3-D scanning. Images obtained include a cardiac four-chamber view, mitral valve, pulmonic valve, tricuspid valve, interatrial septum, interventricular septum and ventricular volumes. We have also imaged two electrophysiological interventional devices in the right atrium, performed an in vitro ablation study, and viewed the pulmonary veins in vitro.

62 citations


Cites background from "Update of two dimensional arrays fo..."

  • ...The transducers used in this study all consist of a 13 11 array including 64 active channels operating at 5 MHz in a 12 French catheter lumen (o.d. 3.8 mm)....

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  • ...We have previously developed transthoracic 2-D array transducers operating at up to 10 MHz (Light et al. 1999; Light et al. 2000), and we believe that we can extend this technology to intracardiac 2-D array transducers of frequencies of up to 20 MHz....

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  • ...D array transducers operating at up to 10 MHz (Light et al. 1999; Light et al. 2000), and we believe that we can extend this technology to intracardiac 2-...

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  • ...D array transducers of frequencies of up to 20 MHz....

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Patent
14 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the transducer in an ultrasound imaging beam-former apparatus is applied to an in-phase and a quadrature sample-and-hold (130) and outputs a magnitude.
Abstract: In some illustrative embodiments, an incoming signal from a transducer (110) in an ultrasound imaging beam-former apparatus (100) is applied to an in-phase sample-and-hold (120) and a quadrature sample-and-hold (130). The quadrature sample-and-hold (130) may be clocked a quarter period behind the in-phase sample-and-hold (120). The output of the sample-and-holds are applied to in-phase and quadrature analog-to-digital converters (126). A magnitude calculator (138) receives the in-phase and quadrature digital values, and outputs a magnitude. A phase calculator (142) receives the in-phase and quadrature digital values, and outputs a phase. An apodizer (146) applies a difference between an amplitude of the outgoing signal and the magnitude and applies a first illumination (150-1) to a image point (154) in substantial proportion to the difference, and a phase rotator (152) applies a second illumination (150-2) to the image point (154) in substantial proportion to the phase.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The analytical model and improved radiofrequency (RF) and color Doppler filters are used to detect two different vibrating devices in water tank experiments as well as in an in vivo canine experiment.
Abstract: Ultrasound image guidance of interventional devices during minimally invasive surgery provides the clinician with improved soft tissue contrast while reducing ionizing radiation exposure. One problem with ultrasound image guidance is poor visualization of the device tip during the clinical procedure. We have described previously guidance of several interventional devices using a real-time 3-D (RT3-D) ultrasound system with 3-D color Doppler combined with the ColorMark technology. We then developed an analytical model for a vibrating needle to maximize the tip vibrations and improve the reliability and sensitivity of our technique. In this paper, we use the analytical model and improved radiofrequency (RF) and color Doppler filters to detect two different vibrating devices in water tank experiments as well as in an in vivo canine experiment. We performed water tank experiments with four different 3- D transducers: a 5 MHz transesophageal (TEE) probe, a 5 MHz transthoracic (TTE) probe, a 5 MHz intracardiac catheter (ICE) transducer, and a 2.5 MHz commercial TTE probe. Each transducer was used to scan an aortic graft suspended in the water tank. An atrial septal puncture needle and an endomyocardial biopsy forceps, each vibrating at 1.3 kHz, were inserted into the vascular graft and were tracked using 3-D color Doppler. Improved RF and wall filters increased the detected color Doppler sensitivity by 14 dB. In three simultaneous planes from the in vivo 3-D scan, we identified both the septal puncture needle and the biopsy forceps within the right atrium using the 2.5 MHz probe. A new display filter was used to suppress the unwanted flash artifact associated with physiological motion.

43 citations


Cites methods from "Update of two dimensional arrays fo..."

  • ...Four matrix-array ultrasound transducers were used during water tank experiments: a custom-designed 5 MHz transesophageal (TEE) ultrasound probe (504 transmit elements, 256 receive elements) described previously by Pua [30], [31]; a custom-designed 5 MHz transthoracic (TTE) ultrasound probe (440 transmit elements, 256 receive elements) [32]; a custom-designed 5 MHz intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) probe (198 transmit/receive elements) [33]; and the 2....

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Patent
14 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, an ultrasonic transducer drive (200) includes a signal generator (202) for producing an outgoing signal (204) and a transducers (206) for converting the outgoing signal(204) to outgoing ultrasound (208), and the transducers may also convert at least a portion of ultrasound reflected by an object to an incoming signal.
Abstract: In some illustrative embodiments, an ultrasonic transducer drive (200) includes a signal generator (202) for producing an outgoing signal (204) and a transducer (206) for converting the outgoing signal (204) to outgoing ultrasound (208). The transducer (204) may also convert at least a portion of ultrasound reflected (210) by an object to an incoming signal (212). The transducer (206) may have a transmit side (214) connected conductably to the signal generator (202) during at least a first predetermined period of time and a receive side (216) connected conductably to a signal receiver (224) during at least a second predetermined period of time.

43 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors describe the design considerations and preliminary evaluation of a high-speed, online volumetric ultrasound imaging system that uses the principles of pulse-echo, phased array scanning with a 2-D array transducer.
Abstract: Transducer design and phased array beam steering are developed for a volumetric ultrasound scanner that enables the 3-D visualization of dynamic structures in real time. The authors describe the design considerations and preliminary evaluation of a high-speed, online volumetric ultrasound imaging system that uses the principles of pulse-echo, phased array scanning with a 2-D array transducer. Several 2-D array designs are analyzed for resolution and main lobe-side lobe ratio by simulation using 2-D fast Fourier transform methods. Fabrication techniques are described for 2-D array transducer. Experimental measurements of pulse-echo point spread responses for 2-D arrays agree with the simulations. Measurements of pulse-echo sensitivity, bandwidth, and crosstalk are included. >

564 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A 32-element cathetertip system specially developed for instantaneous study of moving cardiac structures based on the sonar-type phase-corrected circular array techniques is described and it is shown that such a catheter can be constructed.

188 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the design, fabrication and evaluation of two-dimensional transducer arrays for medical ultrasound imaging is described, and a 4 x 32, 2.8 MHz array was developed to use new signal processing techniques for improved B-scan imaging including elevation focusing, phase correction and synthetic aperture imaging.

158 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The design, fabrication, and evaluation of two dimensional array transducers for real-time volumetric imaging are described and several new transducers have been developed using new connection technology.

154 citations