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Journal ArticleDOI

Updating the adaptive relation between climate and comfort indoors; new insights and an extended database

01 May 2013-Building and Environment (Pergamon)-Vol. 63, pp 40-55
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a method to derive a standard sensitivity to indoor temperatures change, which is used to estimate the comfort temperatures and to establish a curve relating the probability of discomfort to the temperature-difference from the current optimum.
About: This article is published in Building and Environment.The article was published on 2013-05-01. It has received 252 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thermal comfort & ASHRAE 90.1.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature on human thermal comfort in the built environment is presented, which includes standards, indoor experiments in controlled environments, indoor field studies in educational, office, residential and other building types, productivity, human physiological models, outdoor and semi-outdoor field studies.

609 citations


Cites background from "Updating the adaptive relation betw..."

  • ...45 (2010) 11–17, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.12.013 [57] A.M. Humphreys, H.B. Rijal, J.F. Nicol, Updating the adaptive relation between climate and comfort indoors; new insights and an extended database, Build....

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  • ...Energy 115 (2014) 164–173, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.062 [69] S. Roaf, F. Nicol, M. Humphreys, P. Tuohy, A. Boerstra, Twentieth century standards for thermal comfort: promoting high energy buildings, Archit....

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  • ...34 (2002) 533–536, http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00003-8 [35] J.F. Nicol, M.a. Humphreys, Thermal comfort as part of a self-regulating system, Build....

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  • ...21 (2011) 41–47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 1420326X11419929 [233] F. Nicol, M. Humphreys, Maximum temperatures in European office buildings to avoid heat discomfort, Solar Energy 81 (2007) 295–304, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2006.07.007 [234] M. Luo, B. Cao, J. Damiens, B. Lin, Y. Zhu, Evaluating thermal comfort in mixed-mode buildings: a field study in a subtropical climate, Build....

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  • ...Nicol and Humphreys [233] determined adaptive comfort models (thermal acceptability ranges relating the outdoor running mean temperature and the indoor comfort temperature) for European office buildings operating with natural ventilation or during the heating or cooling operation, based on SCATs database....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings is presented, based on four key components: i) the drivers of behavior, ii) the needs of the occupants, iii) the actions carried out by the occupants and iv) the building systems acted upon by occupants.

250 citations


Cites background or methods from "Updating the adaptive relation betw..."

  • ...Another data collection approach is to ask occupants to provide information through self-reporting [26] or by using different interview techniques such as questionnaires [23, 24, 29-31, 37, 50, 52, 55, 65, 73, 7787], web-based questionnaires [88], computer-assisted telephone interviews [33, 89] or mail surveys [90]....

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  • ...Two main methodological approaches, one more objective (field monitoring) and one more subjective (self-reporting and questionnaires) are used widely by the scientific community to gain a better understanding of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings (see Appendix A for details) [21-90]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of different personalized conditioning systems on thermal comfort and building energy performance is reviewed, and it is demonstrated that thermal comfort can be well maintained at ambient temperatures that are 4-5 K higher as well as lower than the temperatures recommended by current standards.
Abstract: The building industry nowadays is facing two major challenges – the increased concern for energy reduction and the growing need for comfort improvements. These challenges have led many researchers to develop a personalized conditioning system. Personalized conditioning aims to create a microclimate zone around a single workplace. In this way the energy is deployed only where it is actually needed, and the individual needs for thermal comfort are fulfilled. In recent years personalized conditioning has received a lot of attention in research publications. This paper reviews the impact of different personalized conditioning systems on thermal comfort and building energy performance. In the reviewed publications, it was demonstrated that thermal comfort can be well maintained at ambient temperatures that are 4–5 K higher as well as lower than the temperatures recommended by current standards. Personalized conditioning also allows reduction in energy consumption due to an increased cooling setpoint, a decreased heating setpoint, or a decreased ventilation rate of the background system. Energy simulations show that reductions of up to 60% can be achieved.

244 citations


Cites background from "Updating the adaptive relation betw..."

  • ...By these adaptations people are in dynamic equilibrium with their surroundings [27]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an India Model for Adaptive Comfort (IMAC) based on field surveys administered in 16 buildings in three seasons and five cities, representative of five Indian climate zones.

238 citations


Cites background from "Updating the adaptive relation betw..."

  • ...[42] formed the basis for calculating the average sensitivity of the IMAC study respondents....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a thermal comfort field study in 28 naturally ventilated (NV) and air-conditioned (AC) offices in Chennai and Hyderabad for fourteen months, and collected 6048 responses from 2787 individuals.

204 citations

References
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01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the semantics of thermal comfort in terms of thermal sensation, acceptability, and preference, as a function of both indoor and outdoor temperature, as predicted by the adaptive hypothesis.
Abstract: The adaptive hypothesis predicts that contextual factors and past thermal history modify building occupants' thermal expectations and preferences. One of the predictions of the adaptive hypothesis is that people in warm climate zones prefer warmer indoor temperatures than people living in cold climate zones. This is contrary to the static assumptions underlying the current ASHRAE comfort standard 55-92. To examine the adaptive hypothesis and its implications for Standard 55-92, the ASHRAE RP-884 project assembled a quality-controlled database from thermal comfort field experiments worldwide (circa 21,000 observations from 160 buildings). Our statistical analysis examined the semantics of thermal comfort in terms of thermal sensation, acceptability, and preference, as a function of both indoor and outdoor temperature. Optimum indoor temperatures tracked both prevailing indoor and outdoor temperatures, as predicted by the adaptive hypothesis. The static predicted means vote (PMV) model was shown to be partially adaptive by accounting for behavioral adjustments, and fully explained adaptation occurring in HVAC buildings. Occupants in naturally ventilated buildings were tolerant of a significantly wider range of temperatures, explained by a combination of both behavioral adjustment and psychological adaptation. These results formed the basis of a proposal for a variable indoor temperature standard.

1,747 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the adaptive hypothesis predicts that contextual factors and past thermal history modify building occupants' thermal expectations and preferences, which is contrary to static assumptions underlying the current ASHRAE comfort standard 55-92.
Abstract: The adaptive hypothesis predicts that contextual factors and past thermal history modify building occupants' thermal expectations and preferences. One of the predictions of the adaptive hypothesis is that people in warm climate zones prefer warmer indoor temperatures than people living in cold climate zones. This is contrary to the static assumptions underlying the current ASHRAE comfort standard 55-92. To examine the adaptive hypothesis and its implications for Standard 55-92, the ASHRAE RP-884 project assembled a quality-controlled database from thermal comfort field experiments worldwide (circa 21,000 observations from 160 buildings). Our statistical analysis examined the semantics of thermal comfort in terms of thermal sensation,

1,455 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The three rational indices of this type to be considered are ASHRAE's Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) Index, defined as the equivalent dry bulb temperature of an isothermal environment at 50% RH in which a subject, while wearing clothing standardized for activity concerned, would have the same heat stress (skin temperature T/sub sk/) and thermo-regulatory strain (skin wettedness, w) as in the actual test environment; Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index, defined in terms of the heat load that would be required to restore
Abstract: Temperature and sensory indicates of human response to the thermal environment are often expressed in terms of the known response in a controlled laboratory environment, as a standard. The three rational indices of this type to be considered are ASHRAE's Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) Index, defined as the equivalent dry bulb temperature of an isothermal environment at 50% RH in which a subject, while wearing clothing standardized for activity concerned, would have the same heat stress (skin temperature T/sub sk/) and thermo-regulatory strain (skin wettedness, w) as in the actual test environment; Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) Index, defined in terms of the heat load that would be required to restore a state of ''Comfort'' and evaluated by his Comfort Equation; and Winslow's Skin Wettedness Index of ''Thermal Discomfort'' (DISC) defined in terms of the fraction of the body surface, wet with perspiration, required to regulate body temperature by evaporative cooling.

1,025 citations