Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions

Book•

Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions

Martha Craven Nussbaum¹•Institutions (1)

05 Jun 2012-

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the need and recognition of emotions as judgments of value, and the need for human beings to recognize their need for love and need to express it.

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Abstract: Part I. Need and Recognition: 1. Emotions as judgments of value 2. Humans and other animals: the neo-stoic view revised 3. Emotions and human societies 4. Emotions and infancy Interlude: 'things such as might happen' 5. Music and emotion Part II. Compassion: 6. Tragic predicaments 7. Compassion: the philosophical debate 8. Compassion and public life Part III. Ascents of Love: 9. Ladders of love: an introduction 10. Contemplative creativity: Plato, Spinoza, Proust 11. The Christian ascent: Augustine 12. The Christian ascent: Dante 13. The Romantic ascent: Emily Bronte 14. The Romantic ascent: Mahler 15. Democratic desire: Walt Whitman 16. The transfiguration of everyday life: Joyce.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications

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John D. Mayer¹, Peter Salovey², David R. Caruso•Institutions (2)

University of New Hampshire¹, Yale University²

01 Jul 2004-Psychological Inquiry

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a theory, finding, and implications of emotional intelligence, and found that emotional intelligence can be classified into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral.

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Abstract: (2004). TARGET ARTICLES: 'Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications' Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 197-215.

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1,883 citations

Cites background from "Upheavals of Thought: The Intellige..."

...Debates as to the relative importance and rationality of emotion and cognition were carried on within modern psychology (e.g., Leeper, 1948, p. 17; Young, 1943, pp. 457–458) and philosophy (DeSousa, 1987; Nussbaum, 2001)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Intensities of feeling: towards a spatial politics of affect

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Nigel Thrift¹•Institutions (1)

University of Oxford¹

01 Mar 2004-Geografiska Annaler Series B-human Geography

TL;DR: In this article, the authors take the politics of affect as not just incidental but central to the life of cities, given that cities are thought of as inhuman or transhuman entities and that politics is understood as a process of community without unity.

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Abstract: This paper attempts to take the politics of affect as not just incidental but central to the life of cities, given that cities are thought of as inhuman or transhuman entities and that politics is understood as a process of community without unity. It is in three main parts. The first part sets out the main approaches to affect that conform with this approach. The second part considers the ways in which the systematic engineering of affect has become central to the political life of Euro‐American cities, and why. The third part then sets out the different kinds of progressive politics that might become possible once affect is taken into account. There are some brief conclusions.

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1,594 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Compassion: An Evolutionary Analysis and Empirical Review

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Jennifer L. Goetz¹, Dacher Keltner¹, Emiliana Simon-Thomas¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, Berkeley¹

01 May 2010-Psychological Bulletin

TL;DR: This empirical review reveals compassion to have distinct appraisal processes attuned to undeserved suffering; distinct signaling behavior related to caregiving patterns of touch, posture, and vocalization; and a phenomenological experience and physiological response that orients the individual to social approach.

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Abstract: What is compassion? And how did it evolve? In this review, we integrate 3 evolutionary arguments that converge on the hypothesis that compassion evolved as a distinct affective experience whose primary function is to facilitate cooperation and protection of the weak and those who suffer. Our empirical review reveals compassion to have distinct appraisal processes attuned to undeserved suffering; distinct signaling behavior related to caregiving patterns of touch, posture, and vocalization; and a phenomenological experience and physiological response that orients the individual to social approach. This response profile of compassion differs from those of distress, sadness, and love, suggesting that compassion is indeed a distinct emotion. We conclude by considering how compassion shapes moral judgment and action, how it varies across different cultures, and how it may engage specific patterns of neural activation, as well as emerging directions of research.

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1,510 citations

Cites background from "Upheavals of Thought: The Intellige..."

...Aristotle argued that deserved suffering should lead to blame and reproach, whereas undeserved suffering should elicit compassion (Nussbaum, 1996, 2001)....
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...Compassion is a central focus of many spiritual and ethical traditions, from Buddhism and Confucianism to Christianity, and a state and disposition people seek to cultivate on the assumption it will make for more morally coherent lives and more cooperative communities (Armstrong, 2006; Davidson & Harrington, 2002; Nussbaum, 2001)....
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...We define compassion as the feeling that arises in witnessing another’s suffering and that motivates a subsequent desire to help (for similar definitions, see Lazarus, 1991; Nussbaum, 1996, 2001; see Table 1)....
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...…of compassion (called eleos in Greek) as others’ serious suffering, referring to specific events such as death, experience of bodily assault or ill-treatment, old age, illness, lack of food, lack of friends, physical weakness, disfigurement, and immobility (for analysis, see Nussbaum, 1996, 2001)....
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...Within studies of morality, theoretical claims about compassion reach contrasting conclusions: Some theorists consider compassion to be an unreliable guide to judgments about right and wrong, whereas others view compassion as a source of principled moral judgment (Haidt, 2003; Nussbaum, 1996, 2001)....
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Book•

The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information

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Frank A. Pasquale

29 Aug 2016

TL;DR: The Black Box Society argues that we all need to be able to do so and to set limits on how big data affects our lives as mentioned in this paper. But who connects the dots about what firms are doing with this information?

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Abstract: Every day, corporations are connecting the dots about our personal behaviorsilently scrutinizing clues left behind by our work habits and Internet use. The data compiled and portraits created are incredibly detailed, to the point of being invasive. But who connects the dots about what firms are doing with this information? The Black Box Society argues that we all need to be able to do soand to set limits on how big data affects our lives. Hidden algorithms can make (or ruin) reputations, decide the destiny of entrepreneurs, or even devastate an entire economy. Shrouded in secrecy and complexity, decisions at major Silicon Valley and Wall Street firms were long assumed to be neutral and technical. But leaks, whistleblowers, and legal disputes have shed new light on automated judgment. Self-serving and reckless behavior is surprisingly common, and easy to hide in code protected by legal and real secrecy. Even after billions of dollars of fines have been levied, underfunded regulators may have only scratched the surface of this troubling behavior. Frank Pasquale exposes how powerful interests abuse secrecy for profit and explains ways to rein them in. Demanding transparency is only the first step. An intelligible society would assure that key decisions of its most important firms are fair, nondiscriminatory, and open to criticism. Silicon Valley and Wall Street need to accept as much accountability as they impose on others.

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1,342 citations

Book•

The Moral Significance of Class

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Andrew Sayer¹•Institutions (1)

Lancaster University¹

01 Jan 2005

TL;DR: The Moral Significance of Class as discussed by the authors analyzes the moral aspects of people's experience of class inequalities and shows how people are valued in a context in which their life-chances and achievements are objectively affected by the lottery of birth class, and by forces which have little to do with their moral qualities or other merits.

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Abstract: The Moral Significance of Class, first published in 2005, analyses the moral aspects of people's experience of class inequalities. Class affects not only our material wealth but our access to things, relationships, and practices which we have reason to value, including the esteem or respect of others and hence our sense of self-worth. It shapes the kind of people we become and our chances of living a fulfilling life. Yet contemporary culture is increasingly 'in denial' about class, finding it embarrassing to acknowledge, even though it can often be blatantly obvious. By drawing upon concepts from moral philosophy and social theory and applying them to empirical studies of class, this fascinating and accessible study shows how people are valued in a context in which their life-chances and achievements are objectively affected by the lottery of birth class, and by forces which have little to do with their moral qualities or other merits.

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769 citations

Cites background from "Upheavals of Thought: The Intellige..."

...15 On this slippage from compassion to (ashamed) contempt and disgust, see also Nussbaum, 2001....
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...30 E.g., Nussbaum (1996, 2001), Williams (1993)....
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...As we argued in chapter 2, emotions or sentiments should be taken seriously as they often provide highly sensitive evaluative judgements of circumstances bearing upon people’s well-being and what they care about (Nussbaum, 2001)....
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...The tension created by the combination of economic metaphors associated with 21 ‘Affect’ is also associated with non-cognitive views of emotions that I wish to oppose (Nussbaum, 2001, p. 61n)....
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...(Nussbaum, 2001, p. 414) This can be hard to acknowledge because it could invite a most odious form of class contempt....
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Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions

Citations

Cites background from "Upheavals of Thought: The Intellige..."

Cites background from "Upheavals of Thought: The Intellige..."

Cites background from "Upheavals of Thought: The Intellige..."

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