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Journal ArticleDOI

Uranium Permeation from Nitrate Medium Across Supported Liquid Membrane Containing Acidic Organophosphorous Extractants and their Mixtures with Neutral Oxodonors

05 Jul 2011-Separation Science and Technology (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 46, Iss: 13, pp 2110-2118
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the transport of U(VI) from nitric acid solution across supported liquid membrane (SLM) using bis[2,4,4 trimethyl pentyl] phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) either alone or in combination with neutral donors like Cyanex 923 (a mixture of four trialkyl phosphine oxides viz.
Abstract: Permeation of U(VI) from nitric acid solution has been studied across supported liquid membrane (SLM) using bis[2,4,4 trimethyl pentyl] phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) either alone or in combination with neutral donors like Cyanex 923 (a mixture of four trialkyl phosphine oxides viz. R3PO, R2R′PO, RR′2PO, and R′3PO where R: n-octyl and R′: n-hexyl chain), TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate), and TEHP (tris-2-ethylhexyl phosphate) dissolved in n-paraffin as carriers. Effect of various other parameters such as nature and concentration of receiver phase, feed acidity, uranium concentration, pore size, and membrane thickness on U(VI) transport across SLM were investigated. Transport behavior of U(VI) was also compared with other derivatives of phosphoric acids like 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC88A), dinonyl phenyl phosphoric acid (DNPPA) under identical conditions and it followed the order: Cyanex 272 > PC88A > DNPPA. 2 M H2SO4 was suitable for effective U(VI) transport across SLM. Presence of...
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a carrier facilitated transport of U(VI) from nitric acid medium across supported liquid membrane (SLM) has been studied under varying experimental conditions, namely feed, carrier, receiver phase compositions, pore size and membrane thickness etc.

34 citations


Cites background from "Uranium Permeation from Nitrate Med..."

  • ...The results follow the pKa values of the acidic organophosphorous extractants [38]....

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  • ...The increase in permeation rate with increase in pore size confirms that the transport of uranium obeys Stock–Einstein law under the given experimental conditions [22,38]....

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Journal Article
TL;DR: Tian et al. as discussed by the authors performed spectrophotometric and microcalorimetric studies of U(VI) complexation with sulfate at 25-70 o C and determined the equilibrium constants and enthalpy of complexation at 25 - 70 o C.
Abstract: Spectrophotometric and Calorimetric Studies of U(VI) Complexation with Sulfate at 25-70 o C Guoxin Tian, Linfeng Rao * Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Sulfate, one of the inorganic constituents in the groundwater of nuclear waste repository, could affect the migration of radioactive materials by forming complexes. Spectrophotometric and microcalorimetric titrations were performed to identify the U(VI)/sulfate complexes and determine the equilibrium constants and enthalpy of complexation at 25 – 70 o C. Results show that U(VI) forms moderately strong complexes with sulfate, i.e., UO 2 SO 4 (aq) and UO 2 (SO 4 ) 22- , in this temperature range and the complexes become stronger as the temperature is increased: 2- fold and 10-fold increases in the stability constants of UO 2 SO 4 (aq) and UO 2 (SO 4 ) 22- , respectively, when the temperature is increased from 25 o C to 70 o C. The complexation is endothermic and entropy-driven, showing typical characteristics of inner-sphere complexation and “hard acid”/”hard base” interactions. The thermodynamic trends are discussed in terms of dehydration of both the cation (UO 22+ ) and the anion (SO 42- ) as well as the effect of temperature on the structure of water. Key Words: Uranium, sulfate, complexation, temperature effect Corresponding author. E-mail address: LRao@lbl.gov

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied the results from central composite design (CCD) experiments, further optimization experiments were carried out using response surface methodology (RSM), and validation tests revealed optimum performance at 0.1m Cyanex 272 and 0.05m TOPO, 4m HNO3 as the stripping solution and flow rates of both feed and stripping solutions were 100mL/min.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the U(VI) from nitric acid medium across polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane impregnated with dinonyl phenyl phosphoric acid (DNPPA) as carrier.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the mass transfer of synergistic extraction of uranium ions from monazite leach solution via HFSLM was examined and the optimum conditions were found to be pH 5 in the feed solution, 0.1m TOPO in the liquid membrane and 2m H2SO4 in the stripping solution at 30°C.

13 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the works performed in the Separation Chemistry Group of the Chemistry Division of Argonne National Laboratory on the transport and separation properties of supported liquid membranes (SLM) is presented.
Abstract: The works performed in the Separation Chemistry Group of the Chemistry Division of Argonne National Laboratory on the transport and separation properties of supported liquid membranes (SLM) are reviewed. The models and equations which describe the permeation through SLMs of metal species are described. These models have been tested with various carriers absorbed on flat-sheet and hollow-fiber SLMs by measuring the permeation of several metal species of hydrometallurgical and nuclear interest. An equation for the separation factor of metal species in SLM processes and examples of separations of metal ions are reported. The possibility of bypassing the single stage character of SLM separations by using multilayer composite SLMs, arranged in series, is also analyzed. Finally, the factors which control the stability of SLMs are briefly discussed.

563 citations


"Uranium Permeation from Nitrate Med..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Assuming the transport of the metal ion across the SLM is diffusion control and the distribution ratio is much greater at the feed-membrane interface as compared to the membrane receiver-interface, the flux (J) of the system is given as (31):...

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BookDOI
07 Jul 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of Membrane applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and discuss the current state of the art and future directions of the application of these materials.
Abstract: PART I: MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES AND IN CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Membranes in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries and in Conservation of Natural Resources: An Introduction A.M. Sastre, Syed S.H. Rizvi and A.K Pabby Application of Membrane Contactors in Mass Transfer Devices A. Gupta and A. Pittman, Membrane Chromatography M.E. Avramescu, Z. Borneman, and M. Wessling Membranes in Gas Separation M.B. Hagg Pervaporation: Theory, Practice and Applications in the Chemical and Allied Industries V. Pangarkar and S. Pal Current Status and Prospects for Ceramic Membrane Applications C. Guizard and P. Amblard Membrane Technology and Supercritical Fluids: Recent Advances G. Rios, S. Sarrade, and D. Paolucci Techniques to Enhance the Performance of Membrane Processes A.G. Fane and S. Chang Separation and Removal of Hydrocarbons Using Polymer Membranes S.I. Semenova Zeolite Membranes: Synthesis, Characterization, Important Applications and Recent Advances R. Mallada, M. Arruebo, P. Pina Membrane Fouling: Recent Strategies and Methodologies for Its Minimization M.F.A. Goosen, R. Roque, and S. S. Sablani Membrane Extraction in Preconcentration, Sampling and Trace Analysis J.A. Jonsson Hybrid Liquid Membrane Processes with Organic Water-Immiscible Carriers (OHLM): Application in Chemical and Biochemical Separations V. Kislik Advancements in Membranes Processes for Pharmaceutical Applications R. Kuriyel, M. Fushijima, and G. Jung Membranes in Drug Delivery M. Grassi Bio-Responsive Hydrogel Membranes J. Hubble and R. Zhang PART II: MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, FOOD PROCESSING, LIFE SCIENCES AND ENERGY CONVERSION Membrane Applications in Biotechnology, Food Processing Life Sciences and Energy Conversion: Introduction S.S.H. Rizvi Ultrafiltration Based Protein Bioseparation R. Ghosh Membrane Distillation in Food Industry S. Nene, G. Patil, and K.S.M.S. Raghavrao Applications of Membrane Separation in the Brewing Industry C.I. Moraru and U. Schrader Development of Bipolar Membrane Technology in Food and Bio-Industries G. Pourcelly and L. Bazinet Applications of Membrane Technology in the Dairy Industry P.A. Marcelo and S.S.H. Rizvi Microporous Membrane Blood Oxygenators B. Han and S.R. Wickramasinghe Transporting and Separating Molecules Using Tailored Nanotube Membranes C.R. Martin and P. Kohli The Use of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Systems in Chemical and Biotechnological Separations J. Perera and G.W. Stevens Membrane Electroporation and Emerging Biomedical Applications K.P. Mishra Proton Conducting Membrane for Fuel Cells V. Rao, K.A. Friedrich, and U. Stimming PART III: MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT (INCLUDING NUCLEAR), ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND FUTURE TRENDS IN MEMBRANE SCIENCE Membranes Applications in Industrial Waste Management (Including Nuclear), Environmental Engineering and Future Trends in Membrane Science: Introduction A.K Pabby and A.M. Sastre Treatment of Radioactive Effluents: Introduction, Fundamentals and Scope of Different Membrane Processes B.M. Misra and V. Ramchandran Radioactive Waste Processing: Advancement in Pressure Driven Processes and Current World Scenario G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel Liquid Membranes Based Separations of Actinides P.K. Mahopatra and V.K. Manchanda Reverse Osmosis Based Treatment of Radioactive Liquid Wastes Generated in Hospital Facility and in Steel Industry: Case Studies M. Sancho, J.M. Arnal, G. Verdu, and J. Lora Evaluation of Membrane Based Processing of Radioactive Nuclear Plant waste: Case Studies A.K. Pabby, S.K. Gupta, S.R. Sawant, N.S. Rathore, P. Janadan, R.D. Changrani, and P.K. Dey Application of Donnan membrane process for recovery of coagulants from water treatment residuals A.K. SenGupta and P. Prakash Utilization of Membrane Processes in Treating Various Effluent Generated in the Pulp and Paper Industry and M. Nystrom Membrane Bio-Reactors for Waste Water Treatment E. Casey Membrane Assisted Solvent Extraction for Recovery of Metallic Pollutants: Process Modeling and Optimization I. Ortiz and A. Irabien Membrane Contactors for Gaseous Streams Treatments A. Criscuoli and E. Drioli Strip Dispersion Technique: Application for the Strategic and Precious Metal Separation and Treatment of Wastewater Streams A.K. Pabby, S.C. Roy, J.V. Sonawane, F.J. Alguacil, and A.M. Sastre Electrically Enhanced Membrane Separations and Catalysis V.M. Linkov, B.J. Bladergroen, and M.A. Maluleke Membrane Processes for Treatment of Industrial Tannery Effluents: A Case Study A. Bodalo-Santoyo, E.Gomez, and A.M. Hidalgo New Developments in Nanofiltration Technology: A Case Study on Recovery of Impurity-Free Sodium Thiocyanate for Acrylic Fibre Industry S. Sridhar and B. Smitha Future Progresses in Membrane Engineering E. Drioli and E. Fontananova

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the development of the range of Cytec extractants and their application for the separation of cobalt from nickel is described. But it was not until the dialkyl phosphinic acid reagent, CYANEX 272, and its dithio analogue, CyANEX 301, became available that liquors containing very low Co:Ni ratios of at least 1:40 to even > 1:100 could be treated.

240 citations


"Uranium Permeation from Nitrate Med..." refers background in this paper

  • ...A similar trend has been observed on solvent extraction of alkaline earth and transition metal using Cyanex 272 (44)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, current status on the chemical aspects of nuclear fuel reprocessing is presented with special emphasis on the Purex process which continues to be the process of choice for the last four decades.
Abstract: Current status on the chemical aspects of nuclear fuel reprocessing is presented with special emphasis on the Purex process which continues to be the process of choice for the last four decades. Better decontamination from fission products, new methods for uraniumplutonium partitioning and removal of actinides from high active waste are challenging areas in process chemistry. The development work on TRUEX and DIAMEX process for treating high active waste is briefly described. An overview of pyrochemical processes, which are important for Integral Fast Reactor Concept, is presented.

203 citations


"Uranium Permeation from Nitrate Med..." refers background in this paper

  • ...are an integral part of the nuclear fuel cycle due to its use as reactor fuel in nuclear industry (1,2)....

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  • ...(1) and (2) and by integrating one gets:...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the radiolytic production of the reactive species expected to be present in such an irradiated system and predict which radiolytically produced species are likely to be produced in such a system.
Abstract: The partitioning of the long‐lived α‐emitters and high‐yield fission products from dissolved nuclear fuel are key components of processes envisioned for the recycling of nuclear fuel and the disposition of high‐level waste. These future processes will likely be based on aqueous solvent‐extraction technologies for light‐water reactor fuel and consist of four main components for the separation of uranium, fission products, group trivalent actinides, and lanthanides, and finally the separation of the trivalent actinides from the lanthanides. Since the solvent systems will be in contact with highly radioactive solutions, they must be robust toward radiolytic degradation in an irradiated mixed organic, acidic aqueous environment. Therefore, an understanding of their radiation chemistry is important to the design of a practical system. In this paper we review the radiolytic production of the reactive species expected to be present in such an irradiated system and predict which radiolytically‐produced ...

178 citations


"Uranium Permeation from Nitrate Med..." refers background in this paper

  • ...However, it is associated with certain shortcomings such as third-phase formation, crud formation, solvent loss, as well as generation of large volumes of secondary waste (8,9)....

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