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Urban social segregation
01 Jan 1975-
About: The article was published on 1975-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 98 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Giddens as mentioned in this paper has been in the forefront of developments in social theory for the past decade and outlines the distinctive position he has evolved during that period and offers a full statement of a major new perspective in social thought, a synthesis and elaboration of ideas touched on in previous works but described here for the first time in an integrated and comprehensive form.
Abstract: Anthony Giddens has been in the forefront of developments in social theory for the past decade. In "The Constitution of Society" he outlines the distinctive position he has evolved during that period and offers a full statement of a major new perspective in social thought, a synthesis and elaboration of ideas touched on in previous works but described here for the first time in an integrated and comprehensive form. A particular feature is Giddens' concern to connect abstract problems of theory to an interpretation of the nature of empirical method in the social sciences. In presenting his own ideas, Giddens mounts a critical attack on some of the more orthodox sociological views. "The Constitution of Society" is an invaluable reference book for all those concerned with the basic issues in contemporary social theory.
16,208 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: The relationship between measures of population diversity and measures of segregation are shown, to describe the salient properties of these indexes, and to demonstrate the empirical interrelationships among them.
Abstract: The purposes of the present paper are to show the relationship between measures of population diversity and measures of segregation to describe the salient properties of these indexes and to demonstrate the empirical interrelationships among them. Some measures not frequently used in population studies are considered and empirical illustrations are given of the significance of using one measure rather than another. In particular the author stresses proportional reduction of error interpretations for an index and considers its ability to handle more than two groups. The primary geographic focus is on the United States. The "introductory section of the paper treats conceptual issues in more detail. The second section reviews selected measures and recent critical viewpoints while the third section tests their empirical performance. The conclusion makes some recommendations about the selection of an index. A detailed bibliography follows." (EXCERPT)
526 citations
TL;DR: The authors compare British levels of segregation with those experienced by African Americans in the United States and find that British levels are much lower than those found in the USA and, for the Black Caribbean population, they are falling.
Abstract: compare British levels of segregation with those experienced by African Americans in the United States. British levels of segregation are much lower than those found in the USA and, for the Black Caribbean population, they are falling. South Asian levels of segregation are higher than for the Caribbean population but show considerable internal variation. Bangladeshis, the most recently arrived of the groups, show the highest levels of encapsulation, followed by the Pakistanis, while Indian rates are relatively modest. Indirect standardization indicates that the contribution of economic factors to the observed levels of segregation is not substantial.
343 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of the explanatory factors of ethnic segregation and spatial concentration in modern welfare states is presented. But, the authors do not consider the effect of economic change and its effects on cities, groups and spatial arrangements.
Abstract: As an introduction to this special issue on ethnic segregation in cities, we offer the readers an overview of the explanatory factors of ethnic segregation and spatial concentration in modern welfare states. After a discussion of the disadvantages and advantages of segregation and concentration, which can be seen as the impetus behind the widespread interest in this topic, we will briefly review some 'traditional' theories. That review will be followed by a closer look at behavioural theories and explanations in which constraints are central. The next section will elaborate on restructuring processes, giving special attention to economic change and its effects on cities, groups and spatial arrangements. We will conclude this introduction with a few remarks on the future of ethnic segregation and concentration and outline some possible directions for future research in this field.
332 citations
Cites background from "Urban social segregation"
...These measures have been exhaustively described by many authors (see, for example, Bell, 1954; Duncan and Duncan, 1955; Taueber and Taueber, 1965; Peach, 1975; Lieberson, 1981; Farley, 1984) though also extensively criticised by others (see, for example, Woods, 1976)....
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TL;DR: This paper found that racism is positively associated with age, non-tertiary education, and to a slightly lesser extent with those who do not speak a language other than English, the Australia-born, and with males.
Abstract: There is a dearth of empirical evidence on the extent of racist attitudes, broadly defined, in Australia. A telephone survey of 5056 residents in Queensland and NSW examined attitudes to cultural difference, perceptions of the extent of racism, tolerance of specific groups, ideology of nation, perceptions of Anglo-Celtic cultural privilege, and belief in racialism, racial separatism and racial hierarchy. The research was conducted within a social constructivist understanding of racisms. Racist attitudes are positively associated with age, non-tertiary education, and to a slightly lesser extent with those who do not speak a language other than English, the Australia-born, and with males. Anti-Muslim sentiment is very strong, but there is also a persistence of some intolerance against Asian, Indigenous and Jewish Australians. Those who believe in racial hierarchy and separatism (old racisms) are a minority and are largely the same people who self-identify as being prejudiced. The 'new racisms' of cultural intolerance, denial of Anglo-privilege and narrow constructions of nation have a much stronger hold. Nonetheless, sociobiologically related understandings of race and nation remain linked to these new racisms. Narrow understandings of what constitutes a nation (and a community) are in tension with equally widely held liberal dispositions towards cultural diversity and dynamism. Encouragingly, most respondents recognise racism as a problem in Australian society and this is a solid basis for anti-racism initiatives.
267 citations
Cites background from "Urban social segregation"
...The second indicator of the extent of ‘out-groups’ status, using Bogardus (1933) tolerance measures, has also been referred to as ‘comfort’ or social distance indicators in attitudinal survey work (see Berry & Kalin 1995: 306-7; Peach 1976)....
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