Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation
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Cites background from "Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Con..."
...Urban expansion and associated landcover change drives habitat loss (5, 6), threatens biodiversity (7), and results in the loss of terrestrial carbon stored in vegetation biomass (8)....
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Cites background from "Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Con..."
...M. L. McKinney (*) Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA e-mail: mmckinne@utk.edu As urbanization is spreading rapidly across the globe, a basic challenge for conservation is to understand how it affects biodiversity (McKinney 2002)....
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...A moderate level of urbanization was assigned for habitats in suburban areas, i.e., outside the urban core but not including undeveloped or rural areas, usually having 20–50% impervious surface area ( McKinney 2002, Fig. 2). A low level of urbanization represented rural or undeveloped areas beyond the suburban fringe, with less than 20% impervious surface area....
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...But there are many studies of urban-rural gradients, describing the spatial effects of urbanization on species-richness by examining changes along an intensity gradient ( McKinney 2002 )....
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...M. L. McKinney (*) Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA e-mail: mmckinne@utk.edu As urbanization is spreading rapidly across the globe, a basic challenge for conservation is to understand how it affects biodiversity ( McKinney 2002 )....
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...My designation of low, moderate and high levels of urbanization was based on the following criteria (following McKinney 2002, Fig. 2). A high level of urbanization was assigned for habitats that represented the urban core....
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References
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"Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Con..." refers background in this paper
...As with birds, elimination of large predators (in addition to subsidized resources) leads to very high population densities of urban adapter mammal species (Crooks and Soulé 1999)....
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"Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Con..." refers background in this paper
...The great abundance of such subsidized foods is one reason why these animal urban adapters often attain an abundance and biomass that is much greater than in natural areas (Adams 1994, Marzluff 2001)....
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...The population density of nonnative species—both mammals (Mackin-Rogalska et al. 1988) and birds (Marzluff 2001)—also tends to increase the nearer they are to the urban core....
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...A major challenge is that remnant habitats are open to colonization by nonnative species of invasive plants (Luken 1997) and predatory animals such as housecats and dogs (Marzluff 2001)....
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...…of early successional species from nearby ecosystems, urban exploiters are composed of a very small subset of the world’s species; these exploiters are well adapted to intensely modified urban environments wherever humans construct them across the planet (Adams 1994, Johnston 2001, Marzluff 2001)....
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...…No. 10 • BioScience 883 Among the many human activities that cause habitat loss (Czech et al. 2000), urban development produces some of the greatest local extinction rates and frequently eliminates the large majority of native species (Vale and Vale 1976, Luniak 1994, Kowarik 1995, Marzluff 2001)....
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645 citations