Journal Article•
Urinary incontinence in elite nulliparous athletes.
TL;DR: In this article, the prevalence of the symptom of urinary incontinence during athletic endeavors among a group of nulliparous, elite college varsity female athletes was found to be high.
About: This article is published in Obstetrics & Gynecology.The article was published on 1994-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 265 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Urinary incontinence & Field hockey.
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TL;DR: A large number of completed studies in the field of urinary incontinence are reviewed, and high-quality and population-based studies are emphasized, and races and ethnic differences are discussed.
Abstract: This paper examines or current state of knowledge of the epidemiology of urinary incontinence. The population studied was community-dwelling non-institutionalized persons. The review includes discussion of the prevalence, incidence, natural history and presence of racial and ethnic differences in the epidemiology of urinary incontinence. We also review correlates and potential risk factors that have been revealed in epidemiological studies. Differences between epidemiological and clinical approaches to a health problem, help-seeking behavior and methodological issues for research are also discussed. We have reviewed a large number of completed studies in the field of urinary incontinence, and have emphasized high-quality and population-based studies. We also wished to present studies from a variety of countries. Because of the abundance of studies, only a small fraction can be presented here. Other studies may have equal standards and useful information, but lack of space precludes their inclusion.
669 citations
TL;DR: Understanding both the specific predisposing factors that place an individual woman at risk and the precise events of the labor and delivery process that initiate injury and dysfunction is important for primary prevention.
573 citations
TL;DR: Whether modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, physical activity and intake of alcohol or caffeinated drinks were associated with urinary incontinence in women was examined.
479 citations
TL;DR: The aims of this article are to discuss the theories behind why PFM training is effective in treating SUI and to discuss each theory in the framework of new knowledge of functional anatomy and examples of results from RCTs.
Abstract: To date several randomized controlled trials (RCT) have shown that pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training is effective in the treatment of female stress (SUI) and mixed urinary incontinence and, therefore, it is recommended as a first-line therapy. While the effectiveness of treatment is established, there are different theoretical rationales for why PFM training is effective. The aims of this article are to discuss the theories behind why PFM training is effective in treating SUI and to discuss each theory in the framework of new knowledge of functional anatomy and examples of results from RCTs. There are three proposed theories to explain the effectiveness of PFM training for SUI: 1) women learn to consciously pre-contract the PFMs before and during increases in abdominal pressure (such as coughing, physical activity) to prevent leakage; 2) strength training builds up long-lasting muscle volume and thus provides structural support; and 3) abdominal muscle training indirectly strengthens the PFM. The first can be placed in a behavioral construct, while the two latter both have the aim of changing neuromuscular function and morphology, thus making the PFM contraction automatic. To date there are RCTs and basic anatomy studies to support the first two concepts only.
399 citations
Cites background from "Urinary incontinence in elite nulli..."
...The prevalence of SUI in young, nulliparous elite athletes is high [32, 33]....
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TL;DR: Adverse psychosocial work conditions are important predictors of poor functional status and its decline over time in working women in the United States.
Abstract: Objective: To examine prospectively the relation between psychosocial work characteristics and changes in health related quality of life over four years in a cohort of working women in the United States. Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting: United States. Participants: 21 290 female registered nurses who completed the Karasek9s job content questionnaire and a modified version of the short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) as used for a survey of health status by the medical outcomes study. Main outcome measures: Seven dimensions of health status: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health problems, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. Results: Examined separately low job control, high job demands, and low work related social support were associated with poor health status at baseline as well as greater functional declines over the four year follow up period. Examined in combination, women with low job control, high job demands, and low work related social support (“iso-strain” jobs) had the greatest functional declines. These associations could not be explained by age, body mass index, comorbid disease status, alcohol consumption, smoking status, education level, exercise level, employment status, marital status, or presence of a confidant. Conclusions: Adverse psychosocial work conditions are important predictors of poor functional status and its decline over time.
361 citations