Use of pyrolytic gas from waste tire as a fuel: A review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the properties of pyrolysis gas for energy recovery because it is a good gaseous fuel and identify possible implications of possible implications in the future.
About: This article is published in Energy.The article was published on 2017-09-01. It has received 197 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Incineration & Refuse-derived fuel.
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TL;DR: In this article, the optimal amount of desired pyrolysis products, especially high-quality bio-oil, was found to be a gazetteer of the optimal ratio.
Abstract: Pyrolysis has created many (and will open more) possibilities for high-value utilization of biomass. To obtain the optimal amount of desired pyrolysis products, especially high-quality bio-oil, a g...
181 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dividing ranges and common grounds of biochar, activated carbon and other pyrogenic carbonaceous materials such as charcoal based on their history, definition and production technologies are described.
Abstract: Biochar and activated carbon, both carbonaceous pyrogenic materials, are important products for environmental technology and intensively studied for a multitude of purposes. A strict distinction between these materials is not always possible, and also a generally accepted terminology is lacking. However, research on both materials is increasingly overlapping: sorption and remediation are the domain of activated carbon, which nowadays is also addressed by studies on biochar. Thus, awareness of both fields of research and knowledge about the distinction of biochar and activated carbon is necessary for designing novel research on pyrogenic carbonaceous materials. Here, we describe the dividing ranges and common grounds of biochar, activated carbon and other pyrogenic carbonaceous materials such as charcoal based on their history, definition and production technologies. This review also summarizes thermochemical conversions and non-thermal pre- and post-treatments that are used to produce biochar and activated carbon. Our overview shows that biochar research should take advantage of the numerous techniques of activation and modification to tailor biochars for their intended applications.
169 citations
Cites background from "Use of pyrolytic gas from waste tir..."
...There is intensive research on scrap-tire pyrolysis that mainly aims at high yield of liquids and gases for fuel and energy generation [74,75]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal decomposition behavior, pyrolysis mechanism and products distribution of waste bicycle tire were investigated by means of TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS.
146 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the main advances in waste tyre valorization by catalytic pyrolysis are analyzed, and a wide range of catalysts have been proposed in the literature, with zeolites being the most commonly used.
Abstract: The environmental concern associated with waste tyre disposal and the necessity of sustainable waste management policies has promoted the development of waste tyre valorization processes in the last decades. Within this framework, this review analyzes the main advances in waste tyre valorization by catalytic pyrolysis. Waste tyre pyrolysis allows converting this solid waste into three product fractions of potential interest, as are gases, pyrolysis oil (TPO) and char, with their yield and features being conditioned by pyrolysis conditions. Catalytic pyrolysis is an interesting alternative to improve the quality of the products and the selectivity of the process. A wide range of catalysts have been proposed in the literature for waste tyre valorization, with zeolites being the most commonly used due to their capacity for the production of valuable chemicals, such as BTX and light olefins. This review approaches multidisciplinary aspects for the evaluation of the critical points in this process, such as those related to pyrolysis technologies, reaction mechanisms, catalyst design and products properties.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available waste management systems for households is presented, where the authors identify the best available waste disposal systems for domestic use and compare the most important features of each system.
139 citations
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TL;DR: The potential of a restored landfill site to act as a biomass source, providing fuel to supplement landfill gas-fuelled power stations, is examined, together with a comparison of the economics of power production from purpose-grown biomass versus waste-biomass.
4,162 citations
TL;DR: More than two hundred publications have been reviewed, discussed and summarized, with the emphasis being placed on the current status of pyrolysis technology and its potential for commercial applications for bio-fuel production as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: There has been an enormous amount of research in recent years in the area of thermo-chemical conversion of biomass into bio-fuels (bio-oil, bio-char and bio-gas) through pyrolysis technology due to its several socio-economic advantages as well as the fact it is an efficient conversion method compared to other thermo-chemical conversion technologies. However, this technology is not yet fully developed with respect to its commercial applications. In this study, more than two hundred publications are reviewed, discussed and summarized, with the emphasis being placed on the current status of pyrolysis technology and its potential for commercial applications for bio-fuel production. Aspects of pyrolysis technology such as pyrolysis principles, biomass sources and characteristics, types of pyrolysis, pyrolysis reactor design, pyrolysis products and their characteristics and economics of bio-fuel production are presented. It is found from this study that conversion of biomass to bio-fuel has to overcome challenges such as understanding the trade-off between the size of the pyrolysis plant and feedstock, improvement of the reliability of pyrolysis reactors and processes to become viable for commercial applications. Further study is required to achieve a better understanding of the economics of biomass pyrolysis for bio-fuel production, as well as resolving issues related to the capabilities of this technology in practical application.
1,020 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review has been carried out in order to show the effects of the main process conditions (heating rate, temperature, pressure, carrier gas flow rate and type, volatiles residence time and pyrolysis time) on physicochemical properties and distributions of the resulting products (gas, liquid and solid fractions).
Abstract: This review deals with the state-of-the-art of waste tyre pyrolysis for the first time in literature. Pyrolysis has been addressed as an attractive thermochemical process to tackle the waste tyre disposal problem while allowing energy recovery. Pyrolysis enables the separation of carbon black from tyres and the volatile matter released (condensable and non-condensable compounds) has the potential of renewable energy recovery given the significant proportion of natural rubber present in the tyre. Given this waste-to-energy pathway, a comprehensive review has been carried out in order to show the effects of the main process conditions (heating rate, temperature, pressure, carrier gas flow rate and type, volatiles residence time and pyrolysis time) on the physicochemical properties and distributions of the resulting products (gas, liquid and solid fractions). It has also been reviewed the influence of the size and composition of the feedstock. All reported results have been framed regarding the type of reactor as well as the experimental conditions used to avoid contradictions among the large number of publications on the subject. It is shown that the occurrence of secondary reactions is very sensitive to the interaction of the aforementioned variables. Also, the main properties of the pyrolytic products are pointed out. The liquid and gaseous fractions obtained are a valuable fuel source; while the solid fraction (char) has the recovery potential of low- grade carbon black or as carbon adsorbent after applying an activation step. Special attention has been given to the liquid fraction, highlighting its properties as alternative fuel in compression ignition engines.
596 citations
TL;DR: Examples of commercial and semi-commercial scale tyre pyrolysis systems show that small scale batch reactors and continuous rotary kiln reactors have been developed to commercial scale.
535 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nitrogen purged static-bed batch reactor was used to pyrolyse 3 kg batches of shredded scrap tyres at temperatures between 450 and 600°C. The oils were trapped in a series of condensers and the derived gases analysed off-line by packed column gas chromatography.
401 citations