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Journal ArticleDOI

Use of recycled fibers in concrete composites: A systematic comprehensive review

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review was carried out on the influence of recycled plastic fibers (RPFs), recycled carpet fibers (RCFs) and recycled steel fibers (RSFs) on the fresh, mechanical and ductility properties of concrete.
Abstract: Municipal solid waste materials are growing worldwide due to human consumption. Nowadays, a different type of goods on large-scale is produced in the factories which is going to generate numerous amount of solid waste materials in the near future. Therefore, the management of these solid waste materials is a great concern around the world. Inadequate landfill, environmental pollution and its financial burden on relevant authorities, recycling and utilization of waste materials have a significant impact compared to disposing them. Studies have been done to reuse of waste materials as one of the elements of concrete composites. Each of the elements gives the concrete strength; however, the reuse of these wastes not only makes the concrete economical and sustainable, but also helps in decreasing environmental pollution. There are a number of different types of waste materials such as plastics, carpets, steels, tires, glass, and several types of ashes. In this paper, a comprehensive review was carried out on the influence of recycled plastic fibers (RPFs), recycled carpet fibers (RCFs) and recycled steel fibers (RSFs) on the fresh, mechanical and ductility properties of concrete. The previous studies were investigated to highlight the effects of these waste product fibers on the most important concrete properties such as slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, energy absorption, ductility, and toughness. In this regard, more than 200 published papers were collected, and then the methods of preparation and properties of these recycled fibers (RF) were reviewed and analyzed. Moreover, empirical models using mechanical properties were also developed. As a result, RPFs, RCFs and RSFs could be used safely in concrete composites due to it is satisfactory fresh, physical and mechanical properties.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a detailed review on the effect of nano-silica (nS) on the compressive strength (CS) of geopolymer concrete composites was provided, and a large amount of mixed design data were extracted from literature studies to create five different models including artificial neural network, M5P-tree, linear regression, nonlinear regression, and multi logistic regression models for forecasting the CS of GPC incorporated nS.

76 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of different nanoparticles on the most essential fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructure characteristics of geopolymer paste, mortar, and concrete composites were reviewed, analyzed, and discussed in detail.
Abstract: Geopolymers are novel cementitious materials that have the potential to replace conventional Portland cement composites completely. The production of geopolymer composites has a lower carbon footprint and uses less energy than the production of Portland cement. Recently efforts have been made to incorporate different types of nanoparticles (NPs) in geopolymer composites to enhance the properties of the composite with improved performances. Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas with novel science and valuable applications that have gradually gained attention, especially during the last two decades. Many studies have been undertaken to date in order to understand better the impacts of NPs addition on the fresh, physical, mechanical, durability, and microstructure properties of geopolymer composites. In the current comprehensive review paper, the effects of different NP types on the most essential fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructure characteristics of geopolymer paste, mortar, and concrete composites were reviewed, analyzed, and discussed in detail. In this regard, more than 280 published papers were used to create an extensive database that includes the main features of geopolymer composites modified with different NPs. In addition, the main mechanisms behind the influence of different NP types on the properties of geopolymer composites were examined. Past progress, recent drifts, current obstacles, and the benefits and drawbacks of these geopolymer composites enhanced with NPs were also highlighted. Based on the findings of this study, the addition of NPs has a promising future for developing high-performance geopolymer composites that the construction industry can efficiently implement due to significant improvements in strength, durability, microstructure by providing additional C–S–H, N-A-S-H, and C-A-S-H gels as well as filling nano-pores in the geopolymer matrix.

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review on the fresh, mechanical, and structural performances of GPC is presented in this article , where the authors have explored the behaviour of geopolymer concrete (GPC) as an alternative to Portland cement concrete (PCC) in micro and macro dimensions.
Abstract: • A comprehensive review on the fresh, mechanical, and structural performances of GPC is presented. • Like traditional concrete, GPC has good fresh and mechanical properties. • The general behavior of the structural beam members is comparable to that of typical reinforced concrete structural elements. • Structural member design codes are applicable, but they are conservative in nature. The manufacture of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produces a lot of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Researchers have recently focused on exploring the behaviour of geopolymer concrete (GPC) as an alternative to Portland cement concrete (PCC) in micro and macro dimensions. Geopolymers (GP) are innovative cement-based materials that could totally replace OPC composites. Geopolymer composites (GC) have a reduced carbon footprint and utilize less energy than OPC. The construction industry's main concerns are material characteristics and the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structural components. Therefore, this review paper is going to look at some important material properties, like fresh characteristics, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity, as well as the evidence of the structural behaviour of GPC beams. According to the findings of this review, GPC offers similar or superior fresh and mechanical properties to conventional concrete composite. In addition, it was mentioned that GPC might be utilized to design GPC members securely in terms of their strength capabilities and standard codes of practice. Nevertheless, further study is suggested to include more detailed and cost-effective design methods for the potential use of GPC for large-scale field applications.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a critical literature review of current updates related to the fire performance of RF-reinforced GPC subjected to elevated temperatures and during fires is urgently necessary, conducting critical reviews on the type of RFs, spalling mechanism, physical inspection and properties of the RF-RGPCs.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , an experimental study was carried out to explore the effect of fiber content on the fresh and hardened state of the concrete, and compression, splitting tensile, and flexure tests were performed to observe the performance of concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers with the ratios of 1, 2% and 3%.
Abstract: With the increasing number of vehicles in the world, the amount of waste tires is increasing day by day. In this case, the disposal of expired tires will cause serious environmental problems. In recent years, instead of disposing of tire wastes, most of them have been started to be recycled to produce fiber-reinforced concrete. Thus, steel fibers recovered from waste tires have been preferred as an alternative to industrial steel fibers due to their environmentally friendly and low-cost advantages. In this study, an experimental study was carried out to explore the effect of fiber content on the fresh and hardened state of the concrete. To achieve this goal, compression, splitting tensile, and flexure tests were carried out to observe the performance of the concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers with the ratios of 1%, 2% and 3%. There is an improvement in the mechanical properties of the concrete with the increase of the volume fraction of the steel fiber. However, a significant reduction in workability was observed after the addition of 2% steel fibers. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize 2% tire-recycled steel fibers in practical applications. Furthermore, experimental results of concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers were collected from the literature and empirical equations based on these results were developed in order to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strengths.

37 citations

References
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Book
26 Sep 2005
TL;DR: Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials as mentioned in this paper provides complete details on the microstructure-property relationship approach to provide scientific explanation for the strength and durability of concrete.
Abstract: Comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the properties, behavior, and technology of concrete Fully revised to include the latest advances in concrete technology, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials provides complete details on the microstructure-property relationship approach to provide scientific explanation for the strength and durability of concrete. This in-depth resource discusses the microstructure and properties of hardened concrete; concrete-making materials and concrete processing; and current developments in concrete technology, mechanics, and nondestructive testing methods. New to this Edition Inclusion of recently built/ongoing construction projects worldwide Information on shrinkage-reducing admixtures Coverage of the latest advances in concrete technology-self-consolidating concrete; nanotechnology of concrete; shotcrete; expansive cement; and concrete for nuclear radiation Details on modeling of ice formation and alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete 1,000 PowerPoint slides and videos that illustrate topics presented in the book

3,730 citations

01 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate that the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated by urban populations is growing even faster than the rate of urbanization and that by 2025 this will likely increase to 4.3 billion urban residents.
Abstract: Solid waste management is the one thing just about every city government provides for its residents. While service levels, environmental impacts and costs vary dramatically, solid waste management is arguably the most important municipal service and serves as a prerequisite for other municipal action. As the world hurtles toward its urban future, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), one of the most important by-products of an urban lifestyle, is growing even faster than the rate of urbanization. Ten years ago there were 2.9 billion urban residents who generated about 0.64 kg of MSW per person per day (0.68 billion tonnes per year). This report estimates that today these amounts have increased to about 3 billion residents generating 1.2 kg per person per day (1.3 billion tonnes per year). By 2025 this will likely increase to 4.3 billion urban residents generating about 1.42 kg/capita/day of municipal solid waste (2.2 billion tonnes per year).

2,233 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although primary and secondary recycling schemes are well established and widely applied, it is concluded that many of the PSW tertiary and quaternary treatment schemes appear to be robust and worthy of additional investigation.

1,672 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of methods was used in order to assess the stakeholders and the factors influencing the performance of waste management in the cities, in more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents.

1,085 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the main fields of application of FRC composites are examined and future perspectives discussed, and some attention is paid to computation methods and composite materials' design approaches.

710 citations