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Journal Article

Use of some plant extracts to control Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with emphasis on some biological effects.

01 Jan 2009-World applied sciences journal (IDOSI Publications)-Vol. 6, Iss: 10, pp 1335-1345
TL;DR: It was concluded that the application of LC25 of methanol extracts of E. splendens, A. stylosa and G. officinalis may be helpful in snail control as it interferes with the snails’ biology and physiology.
Abstract: The present work was carried out to evaluate, the molluscicidal activity of cold water, boiled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of some plant species against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Preliminary screening tests on 10 plant species showed that the highest molluscicidal potency was recorded for Euphorbia splendens, Atriplex stylosa and Guayacum officinalis. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to plant’s methanol extracts led to a significant reduction in their survival and growth rates. In addition, newly hatched snails were susceptible to plant’s methanol extracts than elder ones. LC25 of methanol extract from these plants caused a considerable reduction in the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia to the snails. It caused a reduction in number of cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding. The results, also, revealed that the glucose concentration in treated snails was increased in haemolymph, while soft tissue glycogen decreased. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in homogenate of snail’s tissues were reduced (P < 0.001) in response to treatment with plants methanol extract, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity increased (P < 0.001). It was concluded that the application of LC25 of methanol extracts of E. splendens, A. stylosa and G. officinalis may be helpful in snail control as it interferes with the snails’ biology and physiology.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report of extracts from marine organisms which presented molluscicidal activity on adult and embryonic stages of Biomphalaria glabrata, and only extracts of the red algae Liagora farinosa and of the sponge Amphimedon viridis presentedmolluscicide activity.
Abstract: Freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria play a major role as intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the etiologic agent of schistosomiasis. While Biomphalaria spp. control by molluscicides is one of the main strategies to reduce the snail population in infected areas, there are few effective molluscicides commercially available. Natural products may be considered as potentially useful and safe molluscicides. We have evaluated the molluscicidal activity of 12 extracts from ten marine organisms on adult and embryonic stages of Biomphalaria glabrata. Only extracts of the red algae Liagora farinosa and of the sponge Amphimedon viridis presented molluscicidal activity. Lethal concentration (LC)(50) values obtained were 120 μg/mL for L. farinosa CH(2)Cl(2) extract (apolar fraction) and 20 μg/mL for A. viridis extract and halitoxin. The polar alga fraction and halitoxin had no effect on B. glabrata embryos. The algae apolar fraction was active on B. glabrata in all embryonic development stages, with LC(50) values for blastulae at 42 μg/mL, gastrulae at 124 μg/mL, trochophore at 180 μg/mL, and veliger at 222 μg/mL. This is the first report of extracts from marine organisms which presented molluscicidal activity.

31 citations


Cites background from "Use of some plant extracts to contr..."

  • ...Studies on the molluscicidal activity of natural products have been stimulated due to the high cost of synthetic molluscicides and recurrent resistance of snails to these (Bakry 2009; Bezerra et al. 2002; Luna et al. 2005; Mello-Silva et al. 2007; Rapado et al. 2011; Silva et al. 2006)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observations prove the potent molluscicidal activity of aqueous leaves extract of A. arvensis against the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni and provide natural biodegradable resources for snails' molluskicidal agents.

29 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that the residues of Malathion and Deltamethrin pesticides in aquatic environments have toxic effects on non-target organism, e.g. H. duryi snails.

21 citations

01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Qualitative and 25 quantitative effects on the protein patterns have been revealed for methanol extract from the three tested plants and the electrophoretic pattern of total protein showed differences in number and molecular weights of protein bands.
Abstract: Histological changes following exposure to LC from the plants Guayacum officinalis, Atriplex 25 stylosa and Euphorbia splendens methanol extract on the digestive and hermaphrodite glands of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails were studied. Exposure of snails to LC of the three plant's extract for 2 weeks caused a 25 great damage in the epithelial tissues of B.alexandrina, cells lost their regular shape, appear empty from cytoplasm, having several vaculations, disappearance of secretary cells from the digestive tubules and connective tissue between shrinked acini was damaged. The present results showed severe damages, obvious degeneration of most gametogenic stages and Inhibition of spermatogenesis and oocytes in the hermaphrodite gland of B. alexandrina post 2 weeks of exposure to LC of the tested plant's extract. Qualitative and 25 quantitative effects on the protein patterns have been revealed for methanol extract from the three tested plants. The electrophoretic pattern of total protein showed differences in number and molecular weights of protein bands. DNA concentration was investigated by measuring the intensity of the genomic bands and it showed an increase in the treated snails. Degradation of protein and histological signs after treatment with LC of 25 G. officinalis, A.stylosa and E. splendens extracts introduce these plants effective mollusciscidal agents.

20 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the impact of treated wastewater irrigation on five native medicinal shrubs (Artemisia monosperma, Zilla spinosa, Farsetia aegyptiaca, Deverra tortuosa and Calligonum polygonoides) in abandoned areas of a desert plantation in Egypt.

19 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A photometric method for determining acetylcholinesterase activity of tissue extracts, homogenates, cell suspensions, etc., has been described and Kinetic constants determined by this system for erythrocyte eholinesterases are presented.

23,015 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...[37] modified by Singh, and Singh [24]....

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01 Mar 1948
TL;DR: The method provides means for the rapid test of parallelism of two curves and easy computation of relative potency with its confidence limits and its accuracy is commensurate with the nature of dose-per cent effect data.
Abstract: 1. A rapid graphic method for approximating the Median Effective Dose and the Slope of dose-per cent effect curves is presented. Confidence limits of both of these parameters for 19/20 probability are given by the method. In addition, confidence limits for any other probability or for a dose other than the Median Effective Dose are readily estimated. 2. The data are used throughout the method in their original form without transformation to logarithms and probits. 3. An effective means for plotting and using 0 and 100 per cent effects is provided. 4. The calculations have been simplified by means of nomographs to the extent that a slide rule is a convenience but not a necessity. 5. A simple means is provided for detecting a poorly fitted line or significantly heterogeneous data, In the former case, the line may be refitted; in the latter, the confidence limits are corrected for the degree of heterogeneity. 6. The method provides means for the rapid test of parallelism of two curves and easy computation of relative potency with its confidence limits. 7. Although the method is rapid (10-15 minutes), its accuracy is commensurate with the nature of dose-per cent effect data.

7,221 citations


"Use of some plant extracts to contr..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Mortality rates were recorded and corrected according to Abbot’s formula (1925), then Litchfield and Wilcoxon [26] and Finny [27] methods and using SPSS computer program under windows....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that the system of phenol and 4-amino phenazone is well suited to the determination of glucose and the development of phosphatase is described.
Abstract: the oxygen acceptors originally used were 0 tolidine, benzidine and o-dianisidine. It has since been established that these three substances are carcinogens and many alternative oxygen acceptors have been suggested. Any dye showing oxidation-reduction properties or any dye formed by oxidation, such as those used in colour photography, are potentially useful but it is obviously advantageous to use reagents which have high stability. For manual work on blood a two-solution technique is desirable, one solution being used to precipitate the protein and the other to develop the colour. The development of such a method will now be described. In the determination of phosphatase, use is made of the fact that phenol in the presence of an oxidising reagent gives a purple colour with 4-amino phenazone. The possibility that the H.Oz released in the reaction of glucose oxidase with glucose could act as the oxidising agent was investigated and it was found that the system of phenol and 4-amino phenazone is well suited to the determination of glucose. By suitable adjustment of conditions the colour develops completely in 10 minutes, being stable thereafter for at least 30 minutes. Using a single-solution phosphotungstic acid precipitant containing phenol to precipitate blood protein the only other solution required is one containing glucose oxidase, peroxidase and 4-amino phenazone. These solutions contain azide as preservative; azide has no effect on the rate of colour development. In the micro and macro automated methods, the two solutions required are a diluent containing 4-amino phenazone and a colour reagent containing glucose oxidase, peroxidase and phenol.

4,548 citations


"Use of some plant extracts to contr..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Determination of tissues glycogen [31], haemolymph glucose concentrations (the glucose oxidase method) [32]....

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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of temperature on rubber, both in the short and long term, are described, including thermal expansion, glass transition, tests for low temperature resistance and thermal ageing.
Abstract: Methods for measuring the effects of temperature on rubber, both in the short and long term, are described. This includes thermal expansion, glass transition, tests for low temperature resistance and thermal ageing.

676 citations