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Journal ArticleDOI

Using a Learning Progression to Characterize Korean Secondary Students' Knowledge and Submicroscopic Representations of the Particle Nature of Matter

30 Aug 2014-Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education (The Korean Association for Science Education)-Vol. 34, Iss: 5, pp 437-447
TL;DR: Learning Progressions (LP) as mentioned in this paper ) is the core idea of learning progressions and is a representation of the nature of the learning process, which is the basis of our work.
Abstract: Learning Progressions(학습진행과정, 이하 LP)은 "과학의 핵심 아이디어(core idea) 혹은 과학 활동(scientific practices) 이해 과정을 상대적으로 단순한 체계에서 전문가의 지식체계로 논리적이고, 순차적인 단계로 정교하게 설명한 틀"로서, 한 교과 내 및 다른 과학영역들(물리, 지구과학, 생물, 화학)과 연결하여 연계적 교육과정을 구성하는 이론적 기반을 제공한다. 학습은 개개인의 선지식, 선경험, 교과교육과정, 교육과정 등의 여러 요소에 영향을 받는 복잡한 이해 과정으로, LP 단계를 모든 학생들이 동일하게 이동하지 않는다. 학생과 학습환경의 특성에 따른 이동 가능한 학습경로의 서술을 위해서는 다양한 학생데이터의 수집과 분석이 필요하다. 이러한 과정을 통해서 가설의 LP는 과학적으로 증명된 LP로 규명되며. 비로소 교과과정 개발의 틀(framework)로 역할을 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 미시간 대학 연구팀이 개발한 "물질의 본성(nature of matter)" 주요 개념에서, 하위개념인 "물질의 입자성(particule nature of matter)과 입자적 표상(submicroscophic representation)"의 LP와 관련 평가지를 우리나라 과학교육과정과 연계, 수정하여 개발하였다. 수정된 평가지와 LP는 124명의 중고등학생의 LP 경로 특성을 분석하는데 사용되었다. 학생들의 입자적 개념과 표상의 이해도, 개념과 표상 이해도 연관성을 중점으로 분석하여 관련 과학교육과정과 현장 수업의 문제점과 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 높은 레벨 문항의 정답을 고른 빈도수는 낮은 레벨 문항을 모두 정답으로 고른 경우에 높았으며 이는 학생들이 본 연구팀이 개발한 LP 경로로 이해과정을 정교화시킴을 알 수 있다. 하지만, 대부분의 학생들, 특히 고등학생들은 초등학교 수준의 거시적 물질의 본성 개념 LP 단계에 머물고 있으며, 중학교 수준인 미시적 표상 LP 단계에 있다. 입자적 개념과 표상 이해 실패의 주요 원인은 1) 과학적 모델의 본질, 2) 관련 선지식, 3) 미립자 표상의 이해부족으로 정리된다. 본 연구결과는 물질의 입자성과 관련된 개념, 과학활동(특히 모델링)을 증진시키고 개개인 특성에 맞는 맞춤형 학습환경 제공을 위한 학습, 교수, 평가자료 개발에 기여하는 바가 크다. 더 나아가 '물질의 본성'에 대한 LP연구와 과학적 소양 증진에 긍정적 역할을 할 것으로 기대한다. 【Learning progressions (LP), which describe how students may develop more sophisticated understanding over a defined period of time, can inform the design of instructional materials and assessment by providing a coherent, systematic measure of what can be regarded as "level appropriate." We developed LPs for the nature of matter for grades K-16. In order to empirically test Korean students, we revised one of the constructs and associated assessment items based on Korean National Science Standards. The assessment was administered to 124 Korean secondary students to measure their knowledge and submicroscopic representations, and to assign them to a level of learning progression for the particle nature of matter. We characterized the level of students' understanding and models of the particle nature of matter, and described how students interpret various representations of atoms and molecules to explain scientific phenomena. The results revealed that students have difficulties in understanding the relationship between the macroscopic and molecular levels of phenomena, even in high school science. Their difficulties may be attributed to a limited understanding of scientific modeling, a lack of understanding of the models used to represent the particle nature of matter, or limited understanding of the structure of matter. This work will inform assessment and curriculum materials development related to the fundamental relationship between macroscopic, observed phenomena and the behavior of atoms and molecules, and can be used to create individualized learning environments. In addition, the results contribute to scientific research literature on learning progressions on the nature of matter.】

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Citations
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the downloading of books like this taking science to school learning and teaching science in grades k 8, but end up in harmful downloads, where instead of reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.
Abstract: Thank you very much for downloading taking science to school learning and teaching science in grades k 8. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this taking science to school learning and teaching science in grades k 8, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.

293 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the Korean education curriculum for vertical and horizontal articulation and found a problem in Korea's curriculum through international comparison and sought improvement, and compared internationally articulation of the concept of photosynthesis.
Abstract: Received 29 July 2015Received in revised form1 September 201530 September 2015Accepted 6 October 2015The Korean education curriculum is making efforts to improve education to foster competencies that the future society demands through the 2007 and 2009 revised curriculum. The revised curricula focus on enhanced articulation for the quality curriculum. In this study, the curriculum is analyzed for vertical and horizontal articulation. In addition, the study found a problem in Korea's curriculum through international comparison and sought improvement. Furthermore, the study compared internationally articulation of the concept of photosynthesis, of which the results are as follows. First, our science curriculum focuses on vertical articulation and has relatively neglected the problem of horizontal articulation. To compensate for this problem, curriculum design should introduce aspects of ‘nature’ and ‘environment’ and should consider the interests and concerns of students, as countries with high horizontal articulation do. Second, the actual education field has a problem with the a lack of continuity and sequence because of concentration of concept in a specific grade or simply repeating the concept across multiple grades. These results have led to alternative proposals that should arrange basis of concept configuration such as ‘Big Idea’ and should establish the adoption of ‘systems’ frequently appearing in the other curricula. Finally, there may be mentioned a lack of research on students' learning progression, which can be a common standard of horizontal and vertical articulation. Research on learning progression has been a trend overseas, but there exists no study to fit Korea's situation, so education fields need to conduct the appropriate research on learning progression as part of the commitment to high-quality curriculum.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A learning progression focusing on 5 to 9 th graders’ performances with dissolution and solution concepts using the construct modeling approach was investigated, but the lower anchor, the concept of the homogeneity of particles in solution, and the factors affecting solubility were not consistent with the expected levels of the construct map.
Abstract: In this study, we investigated a learning progression focusing on 5 th to 9 th graders’ performances with dissolution and solution concepts using the construct modeling approach. We designed a construct map describing hypothetical pathways of the concept development of dissolution and solution by analyzing both National Science Curricula and related studies. A conceptions test consisting of ordered multiple-choice items was developed and administered to 826 students. A revised construct map was derived from analyses of the results based on the partial credit model, a branch of polytomous item response theory. The sequence of dissolution and solution concepts presented in the current science curriculum was found to correspond with the learning progression of the students. However, the lower anchor, the concept of the homogeneity of particles in solution, and the factors affecting solubility were not consistent with the expected levels of the construct map. After revising the construct map, we proposed a learning progression for dissolution and solution concepts with five levels: Students of level 1 (the lower anchor) recognize the particles in the solution but misunderstand various concepts; Students of level 2 understand the homogeneity of particles in solution; Students of level 3 understand solubility and the conservation of particles during dissolution; Students of level 4 partially understand the interaction between particles; and Students of level 5 (the upper anchor) understand the interaction between particles and the factors affecting solubility.

1 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...화학 분야에서는 물질의 입자성에 대한 학습발달과정 연구가 일부 이루어 진 정도이다(Shin et al., 2014)....

    [...]

  • ...분야에서는 물질의 입자성에 대한 학습발달과정 연구가 일부 이루어 진 정도이다(Shin et al., 2014)....

    [...]

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dedre Gentner1
TL;DR: In this paper, the interpretation rules of OS implicit rules for mapping knowledge about a base domain into a torget domain are defined by the existence of higher-order relations, which depend only on syntactic properties of the knowledge representation, and not on specific content of the domoins.

4,667 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...개념과 표상모델 이해 실패의 주요 원인은 첫째 과학적 모델의 본질, 둘째 관련 선지식, 셋째 미립자 표상의 이해부족(Duit, 1991; Gentner, 1983; Glynn, 1991)으로 정리된다....

    [...]

  • ...참여 학생들의 데이터와 선행된 문헌연구 분석을 바탕으로 입자적 개념과 표상모델 이해 실패의 주요 원인은 첫째 과학적 모델의 본질, 둘째 관련 선지식, 셋째 미립자 표상의 이해부족(Duit, 1991; Gentner, 1983; Glynn, 1991)으로 정리된다....

    [...]

01 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a Mars Exploration Program lesson was prepared by Arizona State University's Mars Education Program, under contract to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology.
Abstract: 1 On behalf of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, this lesson was prepared by Arizona State University’s Mars Education Program, under contract to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology. These materials may be distributed freely for non-commercial purposes. Copyright 2014; 2012; 2010; 2000. Last edited: April 24, 2014 Marsbound! Mission to the Red Planet

4,486 citations

Book
15 Sep 2013
TL;DR: The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) as discussed by the authors is an extension of the Common Core State Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects for Middle and High Schools in the US.
Abstract: 1 Front Matter 2 NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS: Arranged by Disciplinary Core Ideas 3 Connections to Standards: Arranged by Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs) 4 NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS: Arranged by Topics 5 Connections to Standards: Arranged by Topics 6 VOLUME 2: APPENDIXES 7 APPENDIX A: Conceptual Shifts in the Next Generation Science Standards 8 APPENDIX B: Responses to the Public Drafts 9 APPENDIX C: College And Career Readiness 10 APPENDIX D: "All Standards, All Students": Making the Next Generation Science Standards Accessible to All Students 11 APPENDIX E: Disciplinary Core Idea Progressions in the Next Generation Science Standards 12 APPENDIX F: Science and Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards 13 APPENDIX G: Crosscutting Concepts in the Next Generation Science Standards 14 APPENDIX H: Understanding the Scientific Enterprise: The Nature of Science in the Next Generation Science Standards 15 APPENDIX I: Engineering Design in the Next Generation Science Standards 16 APPENDIX J: Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment 17 APPENDIX K: Model Course Mapping in Middle and High School for the Next Generation Science Standards 18 APPENDIX L: Connections to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics 19 APPENDIX M: Connections to the Common Core State Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects

4,261 citations

Book
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Taking Science to School as discussed by the authors provides a comprehensive picture of what we know about teaching and learning science from kindergarten through eighth grade by looking at a broad range of questions, this book provides a basic foundation for guiding science teaching and supporting students in their learning.
Abstract: What is science for a child? How do children learn about science and how to do science? Drawing on a vast array of work from neuroscience to classroom observation, Taking Science to School provides a comprehensive picture of what we know about teaching and learning science from kindergarten through eighth grade By looking at a broad range of questions, this book provides a basic foundation for guiding science teaching and supporting students in their learning Taking Science to School answers such questions as: * When do children begin to learn about science? Are there critical stages in a child's development of such scientific concepts as mass or animate objects? * What role does nonschool learning play in children's knowledge of science? * How can science education capitalize on children's natural curiosity? * What are the best tasks for books, lectures, and hands-on learning? * How can teachers be taught to teach science? The book also provides a detailed examination of how we know what we know about children's learning of science--about the role of research and evidence This book will be an essential resource for everyone involved in K-8 science education--teachers, principals, boards of education, teacher education providers and accreditors, education researchers, federal education agencies, and state and federal policy makers It will also be a useful guide for parents and others interested in how children learn

1,601 citations